Saturday, August 31, 2019

Prejudice And Discrimination In Snow Falling On Cedars Essay

How does Guterson present the prejudice and discrimination against the Japanese Americans in chapter 1-15 of Snow Falling on Cedars. This book shows a great difference between cultures on the island of San Piedro. To start with the island is a very cosmopolitan island with its residents all from different backgrounds and countries, Japan, England, Germany, Spain and Denmark to name a few. We can tell this from the long lists of shops and their owners on page three. Chapter one tells us more about San Piedro. It tells us of the great beauty of the island. The â€Å"solitary fields and vales of alfalfa†, â€Å"careless roads† and the animals. It also tells us more about the residents. It says that they are close knit, a lot are deeply religious, they are respectful and are of limited means. The island in very quiet and so the trial is a very big event for them, â€Å"San Piedro generally lay clear of violence†. They also seem serious minded and conservative and traditional in their way of thinking. With the story being set after the Second World War and the bombing of Pearl Harbour the people of Japanese origin are experiencing the most discrimination on the island. In chapter four there is a scene with the fishermen at Amity Harbour. When they are talking about the accused man – Kabuo Miyamoto – also a fisherman, Dale Middleton referred to him as Miyamoto, not his first name. He then goes on to call all Japanese â€Å"suckers† and says â€Å"Never could tell them guys apart†. The term â€Å"Jap† is used throughout the book to refer to the Japanese. This is very insulting and sounds quite racist and rude. The first time this is used is by fellow fisherman William Gjovaag. This is the first real indicator in the book of the Japanese status on the island. Ishmael Chambers is the islands reporter and he is of Irish and Scottish descent. His function in the book is to be the person who experiences an inter-cultural relationship with a Japanese American girl. He isn’t a racist and his job as journalist is to give a fair view in the paper. He can’t be seen as discriminating in the paper. We learn more about this relationship as we read into the book. When Horace Whaley – the coroner and the local G.P. – sees Carl’s injury on his head he speculates straight away. He says of Sheriff Art Moran â€Å"he ought to start looking for a Jap with a bloody gun butt – a right-handed Jap to be precise†. He suggested all this from one wound in Carl’s skull, and instantly thinks it was a â€Å"Jap†. We learn from chapter five that Whaley is a war veteran and he feel bitter about the Japanese and this causes him to discriminate without any proof that it was a â€Å"Jap† to blame for the wound. Whaley wouldn’t say any of this in court, under oath, because he had no strong evidence, but he would speculate if he didn’t have to back it up. In chapter seven we learn that the Japanese people who are attending the trial sat at the back of the of the court room it says that they didn’t have to sit at there but did so because â€Å"San Piedro required it of them without calling it a law†. The chapter then continues to talk about the racism inflicted on the Japanese in the work place. They weren’t referred to by their Christian names, but by numbers or names that the census taker decided for them, such as; â€Å"Jap Number 1† or â€Å"Dwarf Jap†. This was very racist and disrespectful for them, aswell as embarassing and hurtful. We pity this verbal abuse. They were given the worst, most dangerous jobs. As if they were so insignificant it didn’t matter if they got injured. If this wasn’t bad enough the Japanese weren’t even paid the same as the other workers. They were made to sleep in barns and were treated like animals. They were on the same level as the Red Indians and treated with same amount of disrespect. Then in 1942 the government deported all of the Japanese workers out of San Piedro because of the start of the Second World War, they were seen as a threat or the â€Å"enemy†. Even though they were natives, it was thought that they could be spies for he Japanese government, and were therefore deported. Although many of the islanders were racist towards the Japanese some of the Japanese had their own views about the white people. To contrast Mrs. Shigemura taught Hatsue that white men were â€Å"dangerous egomaniacs† and that they had â€Å"fantasises† about Japanese girls and that it â€Å"distorted their sex drives†. Hatsue should â€Å"marry a boy of her own kind whose heart is strong  and good†.This shows us that all Japanese people don’t take the abuse. They practice their views like the white racists. The book carries a lot of detail about the Second World War and has many descriptions and feelings during and after the war. Also in this chapter we learn about Kabuo, his Buddhism and beliefs. These beliefs say that everything has a soul and shouldn’t be harmed and so he feels he carries the burden of war. The Americans didn’t think about, or take into consideration the fact that the Japanese Americans would be going out to fight their own kind, people from their homeland. Kabuo feels enormous guilt about this and carried it through out his whole life. Carl’s mother, Etta is asked to give evidence for the prosecution in chapter nine. She is a farmer’s daughter who was brought up in South Germany and she is very hardworking and proud. From the evidence she presented in court we feel she isn’t emotional in any way and that her traditional views make her seem set in her ways. It also becomes apparent that she is extremely racist and feels that the Japanese are below her. She talks about her husband – who doesn’t share her racist views – and Kabou’s father and about how they had an agreement, when her husband died she totally ignored the agreement, which is what she wanted to do in the first place. Carl was like his father in that he wasn’t racist either, he was friends with Kabuo and worried about them and their safety when they are told top leave the country. He relates to them and sees them as individuals rather than one awful race, like Etta. Carl’s and his mother’s views sometimes clashed. For example when he brought the fishing rod home that Kabuo gave him, she told him to take it back. Etta never gave Zanichi- Kabuo’s father – and his family a chance and she always talked down to him, even though he was constantly polite. This highlights the contrast between the two characters well and shows Etta to be old, bitter and twisted and very close-minded. When Etta tells the court about her and Kabuo’s conversation in chapter ten it emphasise Etta’s cold hearted, selfish, pathetic ways. She says that Kabuo has a â€Å"mean face†. She doesn’t realise that this is what the Japanese look like, and that it is impossible to read their faces. Yet she doesn’t  want to learn or listen either way. Etta’s character conveys racism very clearly and depicts how low, hurtful and quite petty some of the islanders actually are. We see how these attitudes effect the Japanese and how they cause problems and conflict, yet these people feel that it is their right to act this way toward them. A description of Pearl Harbour is given in chapter thirteen. It also tells us of what happens to the Japanese after and how they are discriminated against. Their bank accounts were stopped because there is a slight chance that they may be traitors. Also in chapter thirteen we learn more about Arthur Chambers, like his son he isn’t a racist at all and is a friend to the Japanese. He feels confusion when he hears the story of the bombing and doesn’t know what to print in his paper, because he doesn’t want to support or defend the actions of either the Americans or the Japanese. Instead he prints stories of Japanese contribution to the community. He is a balanced, stable character and isn’t racist in any way and therefore contradicts other characters in the book such as Etta and Horace. We learnt that Ishmael wasn’t racist right at the start of the book and here we start to find out why. Ishmael had his first relationship with Hatsue Imada who is Japanese. To Hatsue when she was growing up her relationship with Ishmael felt young, innocent and fun. They both enjoyed each other’s company and most of all liked each other. They found sanctuary in a hollowed out Cedar Tree in the woods earlier on in the book. There they were hidden away from the world and weren’t effected by anything going on in the outside. There they could be themselves and it wouldn’t matter that their love for each other was forbidden. Now in chapter thirteen the fortress of the cedar tree start to fall apart. The war starts it and now the fact that their countries are against each other upsets Hatsue and she realises that they have to stop meeting, especially as the relationship is starting to get sexual. Ishmael doesn’t see it that way he is naive and doesn’t see the problem as clearly as Hatsue as she starts to feel she is deceiving her parents. The F.B.I search on the Imada’s property takes place in chapter fourteen.  They come at night for the search. This instantly suggests they don’t have the decency to come during the day they arrive at night to cause upset and grief. The family is referred to as the â€Å"enemy† and â€Å"aliens† which misplaces them from the San Piedro community instantly. The men take away guns, dynamite and swords; they say that they are violent weapons and don’t listen when they tell them that they are only used to assist them with farming the land. The big men also take cultural objects, like a flute, some music and hatsue’s scrapbook. This is unjust and they are abusing their authority and their warrant. ThEy root through their draws and rummage in their underwear, this is embarrassing and very disrespectful. One of the officers deliberately says Hisao’s name incorrectly, this is very rude and must be frustrating because he said it wrong even when corrected. When the men unjustly arrest him they try to justify it as a sacrifice, even though none of this mess was their fault. Everything is taken away from the Japanese and they are then sent away to camps. The baseball team lost its best players and this saddened many people so they dedicated the match to them. This makes us realise that most people in San Piedro don’t want them to leave. Hatsue and her mother – Fujiko have a conversation about the discrimination she has been suffering or that she will suffer later in life, Fujiko is a bias character because she has suspicions about all white people and she has a very pessimistic outlook. She tells her how she and Hatsue’s father were embarrassingly poor yet they got through it with dignity. She explained about how she feels invisible to the whites of the island and that she was and is constantly ignored, but they should all except this because that was how it was and nothing was going to change. She tells Hatsue that the Japanese are worthless to the whites and their value is like â€Å"dust in a strong wind†. The journey to Manzanar is discussed in chapter fifteen. There is no comfort and they are treated like animals and we feel for these people because they don’t know the outcome of their fate, but they had to conform to the rules of the American Government. Fujiko tries to show she is strong by suffering  inwardly. The fact Manzanar is a desert we know there will be no escape and the hostile, barren, hot landscape will be a total contrast to San Piedro. Also in this chapter Fujiko finds out about Hatsue and Ishmael’s relationship. This is quite hypocritical because she talks to Hatsue about how white always discriminate against them but here a white person is being kind and loving to her daughter and she gets so upset. This is quite a contrast and shows that the Japanese can be just as bad at discriminating. In these fifteen chapters we see the suffering of the Japanese at the hands of the white islanders. The Japanese could not help many of the reasons at all and a minority of Japanese Americas punished for a war between the country they currently live in and the country they originated from. We pity the Japanese throughout and understand why some of them are suspicious. Some of the islanders are constantly hateful, spiteful and rude, with no respect for their fellow human beings. Whereas others are polite and kind and treat them as they would anyone else. Guterson conveys this pity in many of the nasty comments made by the whit islanders. Like the term â€Å"Jap† and many of the awful things they were subject to at work. Even though a couple of the Japanese characters don’t like whites. Much of the pity in the book is directed at the Japanese Americans.

Benefit of sport

It has a square shape which is the symbol of the land or the earth. People eat â€Å"Chunk cake† to hope for a new year full of luck and happiness. For the Vietnamese, making â€Å"Ban Chunk† is the ideal way to express gratitude to their ancestors and homeland. Nowadays fast food is very popular in my country. There are a lot of fast food restaurant everywhere such as KEF, Lottery or BBC. The young people love eating fast food because the price Is reasonable and It Is not time-consuming. People Just come to the restaurant, order the food and Walt for about 5 minutes to enjoy the food.However, fast food Is not good for your health. It contains a lot of sugar, fat and cholesterol which causes some diseases Like high blood pressure or heart attack. I like eating with my friends because it is a chance for me to talk with them about many things in like such as study, love or future Job. Eating with my friends also helps me to relax and feel comfortable after a hard day stud ying at university. PART 2: Individual long turn I would like to talk about a meal that I can never forget. I had this meal at a hotel in the city. It is a farewell party.All members in my class at the highlights attended the arty to say goodbye to each other to study at the university. We were all so moved and burette Into tear. We thought about the time we had together and felt so sad. We wrote messages to each other and hope to study well In a new environment. PART 3: Discussion Eating at home Going to a restaurant Advantages It is cheap because you can go to the market and buy the food you like. You don't have to pay money for the chef or the servant as in a restaurant. It is more delicious because each person has a private taste.Thus, cooking at home helps you to decide what ingredient should be added into the food. It helps to enhance the relationship inside your family. In my family, we always prepare and cook meals at home and we feel warmer and happier. We can try new and s pecial food in deferent countries such as sushi, pasta, etc. It helps us save time. We don't have to go to the market, prepare meals and clean up after having meals. The decoration In the restaurant Is so beautiful. It Is suitable for the special occasions Like birthday, anniversary, etc Disadvantages market, cook and wash the dishes.It is more expensive than eating at home. Since there are so many people who work at restaurants who all need to be paid, it costs such more than buying the ingredients at the grocery store and making dinner at home. It can be unhealthy. You don't prepare the food yourself, so sometimes it's hard to know which ingredients are going into your meal. At some fast food restaurants they often add fat, sugar or preservatives into the food. We can be frustrated with the quality or service. Actually, in Hanoi, there are many famous restaurants with poor quality of service such as a traditional PhD restaurant on Bat Din street. . Do you think that vegetarians ar e healthier than people who eat a lot of meat? In mineral, vegetarian diets are lower in saturated fats, cholesterol and animal protein, and higher in fiber and foliate than non-vegetarian diets. Consequently, vegetarians tend to have substantially reduced risks for obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure and some forms of cancer – particularly lung cancer and colon cancer. In western countries, vegetarians often live longer, on average, than non-vegetarians. However, differences in lifestyle – not Just eating habits – also play a huge role in vegetarian health.People who choose to follow a vegetarian diet are often non- makers, have a lower body weight, and exercise regularly. And, of course, not all vegetarians eat healthily. If a vegetarian replaces meat with high-fat cheeses, Junk food and so on, they're unlikely to reap many health benefits – after all, there's no meat in ice cream, potato chips, or fudge brownies! It's certainly possible to be a vegetarian and still consume large quantities of high-fat, high-sugar empty calories. Replacing meat with poor substitutes can lead to nutrient deficiencies in protein, iron, calcium, zinc and vitamin Bal 2.Athletes, children and pregnant females are articulacy at risk as their nutrient needs are especially high. Vegans (who eat no animal products of any type) especially need to supplement their vitamin 812 intake. Poor meal-planning, illness, stress and the excessive use of supplements can also cause problems. It's therefore wise to seek professional advice on your dietary needs before making the switch to vegetarianism. Vegetarian or not, a healthy diet should be low in cholesterol and saturated fat and based around fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. Eliminating meat does not automatically make for a healthy diet.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Zara Internationalization Analysis

ZARA-Internationalization Analysis When it comes to internationalization strategies, ZARA is the perfect case to look at. By putting in practice a set of different strategies, ZARA has accomplished great positioning worldwide and is one of the most recognized brands in the apparel market. Listed below are the main internationalization strategies ZARA has used to become one of the leading clothing brands in the world. Operating Filial When ZARA first started opening stores outside of Spain, at the end of the 1980’s and beginning of the 1990’s, they looked for markets that resembled the Spanish market, had a minimum level of economic development and would be relatively easy to enter. The entry into the market would be decided by a team of economy experts from the headquarters that, after analyzing the micro and macro components of the market that affected ZARA directly, would say whether to enter or not. This analysis was made to see how much alike was the international market to the Spanish one. This allows them to, successfully, have the same products in the international market and the local market, distribute the same products between both markets, apply same decisions taken by the head offices and save money and time on flexibility between the international and local market. These key factors, allowed ZARA to have more control of its operations and an easier management. It is no coincidence then, ZARA’s first European stores (outside of Spain) opened with high success in countries like Portugal, France, Greece, Belgium and Cyprus. Joint Venture A joint venture can be defined as an agreement between two or more companies through which they compromise to build a new firm to achieve a certain purpose. This kind of strategy allows the company to expand with limited capital investment, and therefore, to limit the risk too. The company can also be benefited from the partner's experience in a certain field. Making joint ventures with public foreign corporations can allow the company to start prosperous relationships with that certain market, and use them in the future. It was not clearly seen how could this alliance benefited Benetton due to the fact that they’re one of ZARA’s very strong enemy; but Benetton admitted that because of this potential competitiveness, they would prefer to have some control into this new ZARA venture and also to have it as a partner and not as an enemy in the Italian market. Franchise ZARA has 31 franchised stores in 12 countries. The company use franchises in countries that are risky, small, or with significant cultural differences or administrative barriers that feeds the desire to invest in this market. ZARA in their franchises, has very strong financial partners, franchises are well established and are usually for five years. ZARA charged its franchisees from selling their products a fee that varies between 5% and 10% of its sales. The company offers its franchisees complete access to business services, which are human resources, logistics and training, all without any cost and allows them to return to 10% of merchandise. Some of the advantages that a franchise offers to ZARA are, less investment and less risk, standardization and relatively little scrutiny. Franchise also has its disadvantages, difficult to find local investors and seek to ensure the policy coherence in the image. But if a company like ZARA that is so big and recognized around the world use a franchise as an investment decision, is because the benefits are more than the losses. Manufacturing Contracts Autonomous Filial ZARA is an exclusive and dedicated local market, it has strong relationship to the country where is located. It is relatively autonomous but not at the same level as the qualified filial and is considered a small replica of the parent company. While management stressed that ZARA used the same business system in all the countries which it operated, there was some variation in retailing operations at the local level. The first store opened in each market, usually a leader store for the market, played a particularly critical role in refining the marketing mix by affording detailed insights into local demand. The marketing mix that emerged there was applied to other stores in the country as well. Pricing was also part of this market based mix. However if a decision was taken to enter a particular market, customers effectively bore the extra cost of supplying it from Spain. ZARA had historically market local currency for all the countries in which it operated on each garments price tag. The higher prices outside did imply a somewhat different positioning for ZARA overseas, particularly in emerging markets. For example in Spain about 80% of the citizens can afford ZARA. It’s different in Latin-American countries like Mexico for cultural and economic reasons because the average income in Mexico is $3000 compared to $14000 in Spain. The Mexican people who buy in ZARAare the upper class and the middle class, which is the class that knows fashion that is accustomed to buying in Europe, or in the United states. In Mexico ZARA’s are targeting 14 million inhabitants compared to 35-36 million in Spain, but 14 million is more than enough to put in a network of stores there. Differences in positioning also affected the stores which products were sold and ZARA’s overall image. For example in South America, ZARA’s products had to present a high-end rather than a mid-market image and it was emphasized that they were â€Å"made in Europe†. However, the image presented was never one of â€Å"made in Spain†. Qualified Filial A qualified filial is a unit with great strategic relevance in the entire corporation. It acts in coordination with other units of the multinational corporation, mostly influencing them with strategic behavior and their expertise on a specific technology. Thus, a qualified filial has to be a center of excellence. In ZARA, the international distributing centers can be considered as qualified filials, for distribution is one of the key factors in ZARA’s selling process. International distributing centers are located in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, where shipments are consolidated from the main distributing center in Arteixa. Working under Just in Time policies and systems, distributing centers have a great responsibility linking the stores with Arteixa, and at the same time, implementing distributing strategies that affect them. These centers allow a rapid flow of information and merchandise to the different stores, so keeping their levels of excellence are vital for the process. This is why ZARA invests on their ongoing improvement to keep up with technology as it improves and making it a flexible and reliable system so it doesn’t fails.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Law and Ethics in education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Law and Ethics in education - Research Paper Example For a student to be eligible for accommodation, the student must provide the university with evidence of their disability. This is done by providing the director of tutoring with documentation from a licensed professional which determines the level of disability. This is important in ensuring that the student is given as much assistance as the level of his or her disability. This also protects resources of the disabled from being misused by students falsely claiming to be handicapped. If a continuing student identifies himself or herself to be disabled, he or she may contact the Director of Tutoring and Disability Services. The director can refer the student to a credible outside agency for testing. This caters for those who did not either report or have a disability at the period of joining the university. It also reduces the chances of a potentially handicapped student subscribing to substandard treatment from incompetent practitioners. Documentation of a disability condition must have been done within the past three years. Documentations older than 3 years are highly unreliable. This is because the disability level may have increased or reduced. Any change in disability assists the university actualize any extra special needs that the student may have in order to assist him or her as much as possible. Documentation defining the nature of the disability should be detailed. It should indicate how the student is disadvantaged by the disability. It should also recommend the type or accommodation best suited for the student. This helps the university to allocate the most suitable shelter for the student and helps the accommodation department understand fully the needs of the student. Information about a student’s disability is treated with utmost confidentiality by the university. All the records regarding disability are stored safely and away from unauthorised access. This helps the disabled feel more comfortable to express fully their

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Answer the question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 28

Answer the question - Essay Example Such people are never alone and get easily terrified at the idea of getting acquainted with solitude for even a little while. Peer pressure to constantly remain in the world of mass media like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc. is so high that students are left with no choice but to become part of this popular youth culture. Otherwise, they are instantly labelled antisocial introverts. Research also claims that becoming part of the â€Å"in† crowd is just part of growing up in schools and colleges (p. 100). Social media in the form of a big societal force also has another shattering influence on teenagers or youth. It is no hidden reality that everyone is busy nowadays in trying to fit into an ever narrowing social ideal because that is how others want them to act. This social ideal is impressed by our social media which makes people insecure and uncomfortable with how they naturally look. Youth is most vulnerable and susceptible. This is because they very easily become a prey to the propaganda instigated by social media which is about looking thinner and more

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

The risks associated with ionising radiation in medical imaging Assignment

The risks associated with ionising radiation in medical imaging practice, and the precautions required to protect aginst them - Assignment Example Due to the in effective training and inadequate awareness given to the staff as well as the patients they are exposed to more unnecessary radiation (Koenig et al 2001). Ionizing radiation is used in applications such as medical imaging in the hospitals and to perform diagnostic imaging. In the medical imaging, the most common forms of the ionizing radiations are the gamma rays and the x-rays. These medical imaging practices are important in the medical field because of the determination of the diseases and different injuries in the human body. However, aside from these benefits and life saving tool, these ionizing radiations has certain limits and conditions to be applied on the patients and people. The reason for this is due to the fact that high doses of these ionizing radiations are responsible for the formation of cancers. The ionizing radiation in the medical imaging is found to be one of the most important discoveries of the medical science. Even with the use of the new technol ogy, the equipments are highly capable of posing high radiation doses if the treatment procedure is not well maintained and followed (ICRP 2000). Whereas there is a strong debate going that the usage of these ionizing radiations may cause genetic mutations and cancers. As it is well known that there is no such dose below which there is no risk of any harm to the exposed one or a zero risk (ICRP 1990). So it is important to avoid the exposure to these ionizing radiations but how can this be possible. Of course someone that needs medical attention and for different diagnosis, one has to go through these treatments, but on the first hand the primary cure is to improve the life styles and the determinants that may cause the health damage to be improved. Below is the typical effective dose from x-ray radiation. Exam Effective Dose mSv (mrem)1 Chest (LAT) 0.04 (4) Chest (AP) 0.02 (2) Skull (AP) 0.03 (3) Skull (Lat) 0.01 (1) Pelvis (AP) 0.7 (70) Thoracic Spine (AP) 0.4 (40) Lumbar Spine (A P) 0.7 (70) Exam Effective Dose mSv (mrem)2 Mammogram (four views) 0.7 (70) Dental (lateral) 0.02 (2) Dental (panoramic) 0.09 (9) DEXA (whole body) 0.0004 (0.04) Hip 0.8 (80) Hand or Foot 0.005 (0.5) Abdomen 1.2 (120) By improving our health status and also improving our physical mental and social states, we can avoid these threats even at the first place to be exposed by such ionizing radiations even for the diagnosis. However the main concern regarding the ionizing radiation is the induced cancer among the young children from the CT scans. As the young children are more susceptible to get the cancer as compared to the elders, so the more controlled experiments and discoveries are to be made in order to avoid this risk of more cancer due to these ionizing radiations. But another debate that why the need for these medical imaging are increasing day by day even with the more sophisticated technology and new era of research, does that means that science failed to improve the health st atus of the world’s population even with the advancement. The answer could be controversial as the health is comprehensive phenomena and does not depend on one facto but many. So there is a need to improve the

Monday, August 26, 2019

American Higher Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

American Higher Education - Essay Example This college later turned into the Harvard University where initially the focus was on Bible studies; however, alongside with subjects relevant to philosophy, astronomy, ethics, logic etc., there were subjects similar to those of the colleges in England. Harvard was basically a dignified institution created to teach the ministers, thus, being an elitist college. The colonial era saw the establishment of nine more colleges, out of which eight were affiliated religiously; however, all were private universities targeting selected students from strong backgrounds (Cohen and Kisker 89-90). These colleges include William and Marry School, the Yale University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, Brown University, Rutgers, Dartmouth, the Cowley and William College, all of which were aimed at intellectual development of the children of the privileged class. Following the war, the trend of college education started becoming popular; more and more schools started coming into existence. 1820`s and 1830`s are considered to be important years in this context as important debates were raised considering the scope and the curricula of education (Denham 45). Subjects like history were being coupled with sciences and a shift away from the medieval model took place at that time. This era also saw an increase in the number of working class owing much to the changing demographics and trends in the United States of America. Thus, the Congress became more sensitive in this context as the need to educate the masses was on the rise. ... ially the focus was on Bible studies; however, alongside with subjects relevant to philosophy, astronomy, ethics, logic etc., there were subjects similar to those of the colleges in England. Harvard was basically a dignified institution created to teach the ministers, thus, being an elitist college. The colonial era saw the establishment of nine more colleges, out of which eight were affiliated religiously; however, all were private universities targeting selected students from strong backgrounds (Cohen and Kisker 89-90). These colleges include William and Marry School, the Yale University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, Brown University, Rutgers, Dartmouth, the Cowley and William College, all of which were aimed at intellectual development of the children of the privileged class. Following the war, the trend of college education started becoming popular; more and more schools started coming into existence. 1820`s and 1830`s are considered to be important years in this context as important debates were raised considering the scope and the curricula of education (Denham 45). Subjects like history were being coupled with sciences and a shift away from the medieval model took place at that time. This era also saw an increase in the number of working class owing much to the changing demographics and trends in the United States of America. Thus, the Congress became more sensitive in this context as the need to educate the masses was on the rise. Therefore, after heated debates and efforts, Congress finally passed the Morill Acts of 1862 and later in 1890 (Burtchael 62). This reform constituted a land reform system where the pieces of lands owned by the Federal Governments would be allocated to establish public schools for those students who belonged

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Biophysical Aspects of Pharmacology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biophysical Aspects of Pharmacology - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the physician may prefer to insert a gastroscope to promote safety in the delivery of food and medications for patients who developed increased difficulty of swallowing. With the insertion of the tube, an assessment must be carefully performed to ensure the correct placement of the tube and prevent accidental dislodgment. Specifically, placement of the tube can be checked by listening to a gurgling sound over the epigastric region of the abdomen while injecting a small amount of air into the tube. In addition, it might also be useful to aspirate a small amount of stomach content and test for pH. An acidic pH provides accurate information that the tube is in the stomach. Furthermore, abnormal breathing patterns suggest that the tube has been dislodged and is possibly blocking the airway. While the presence of any foreign material can be very uncomfortable, the tube should remain in place unless the physician orders fo r its removal. Lastly, the assessment of drug allergies and adverse reactions remains an important part of management. Practically, the healthcare professionals should take the subjective data from the patient as truth aside from considering the objective signs manifested by the patient. Thus, the patient really is experiencing pain at the moment. The patient’s report of pain should be the primary data to assess pain. This data would be further validated using an appropriate pain rating scale. Moreover, the patient’s behavioral manifestations can also be important factors in determining the patient’s pain tolerance. The medication chart should also be consulted to prevent over and under dosage of pain medications.  

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Explain database security issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Explain database security issues - Essay Example Locking refers to the means of synchronization of potentially simultaneous database or even other ordinary resource’s utilization. In operating systems, locking helps in enforcing and ascertaining the occurrence of events in the appropriate series (Pratt & Adamski, 2011). As the most effective means of enhancing security of data, encryption refers to the translation of data into ciphertext form, which cannot be understood easily by illicit individuals. Therefore, encryption involves the conversion of essential data into secret codes. Encrypted data is sent in codes instead of plain, simple words making it necessary for the receiver’s computer to decrypt such data for one’s display. The reader of such data requires a secret password or key to enhance decryption of the data (Pratt & Adamski, 2011). Views refer to the saved select statements, which permit an individual to work upon the outcomes returned from them. Views are essential in provision of column- or row-level data access, wrapping up sophisticated joints, executing sophisticated collective queries, and tailoring data display (Singh & Kanjilal, 2009). Views are fundamental security tools, habitually utilized in thwarting users from having unrestricted access to tables whereas permitting them to operate with the presented data. All consents can be eradicated from the principal tables, and provided the table’s owner is the view’s owner, the user will have the ability of interacting with the given data, but based on authorizations approved to the view (Pratt & Adamski, 2011). Duplication (replication) refers to a set of catalog objects and data copying and distribution technologies from a given folder into another. This is followed by the sychronization between the two databases in order to uphold uniformity. In the process, a database is copied from one server into another, followed by protection of the dissimilar copies in concurrence. Data replication, on the other hand,

Friday, August 23, 2019

Question x 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Question x 2 - Essay Example In somewhat similar way, the same technology also permits unwarranted communications, especially copies of official communications mailed by insecure people, whether such copies are relevant to the mailed people or not. Not everyone indulges in faceless abuses on the Internet, and in a similar manner not everyone in a work environment is a coward. Most people realize the positive power of technology and harness it beneficially. It is a matter of behavior. People with emotional or issues need to be identified and appropriate methods devised to inculcate proper behavior. This may be in the form of counseling and training, especially with respect to expression of inner fears or venting out stress. This is best done by skillfully identifying the underlying causes and giving a chance to speak up, in private. i) Line functions are directly responsible for reaching organizational goals in terms of production or marketing that result directly bring in revenues. Staff managers are experts in their fields and advise line managers and hence are support functions (Line and staff functions, 2010). It is the hierarchical heads of the line functions that manage a business at the corporate level as well as at the functional head levels. ii) Internal customers do not generate revenues; only the external customers do. Hence, the latter are more important. Having said that, it is noted that internal customers create value and hence are important. For example, for the design engineer ( a staff function) the production manager and the marketing manager (both of which are line functions) are internal customers and the efficiency with which a design is created in terms of material use, processing and application will determine the production costs as well as customer satisfaction. iii) No. Creating a black box only enhances the employee apprehension and may even give rise to acts of settling personal

Emerency Sevices Managment - Advaced Interactions of Hazardous Research Paper

Emerency Sevices Managment - Advaced Interactions of Hazardous Materials VIII - Research Paper Example investigations like that from T2 laboratories, it becomes evident that the incident was preventable if the laboratory had instituted precautionary measures. Before a factory begins preparing or using any hazardous chemical like methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl or methyl mercaptan, thorough literature review about the chemical should be carried out (Bevelacqua, 2006). Information such as whether the substance is poisonous, flammable, corrosive or oxidizer should be obtained. Besides, the threshold limit and the IDHL values are determined. The IDHL values for chlorine (10 ppm in air) is far below that of methyl mercaptan (150 ppm in air) indicating that chlorine is more poisonous than methyl mercaptan. The factory is supposed to prepare a list of the dangerous chemicals they are handling and the possible dangers likely posed by those chemicals. The list and the risk management plan are submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The risk management plan should contain information about; prevention measures, site activities, action taken in case of an emergency and any plan to improve on safety (Bevelacqua, 2006). T2 laboratory did not have a risk management plan and had not registered with the Environmental Protection Agency. If T2 had complied with this requirement, the runaway exothermic reaction would have been prevented because T2 would have received proper advice from EPA. Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) should be done to determine the particular step in the production process associated with a hazard. T2 noted that an exothermic reaction occurred during the first step (metalation), heat release in the second and the third reaction step was overlooked. In additi on, the laboratory did not carry out hazard and operability study (HAZOP) when they scaled up. Conditions for small scale production may differ with those for large-scale production. It was mandatory for a T2 lab to assess the risks involved in a large scale production of

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Is Price the Only Factor That Determines a Buyers Decision Essay Example for Free

Is Price the Only Factor That Determines a Buyers Decision Essay When consuming products and services, customers pay attention to several factors to make sure that they have made a sensible decision. Perhaps, the very first thing to be taken into account, under some circumstances, is price. However, it should not always be the sole consideration for purchasing decisions. From my point of view, apart from price, there are other determinants that can have a strong impact on a buyer’s decision, namely quality, buyer psychology and commitments that a firm offers its customers. To begin with, it can be said for sure that for most wise consumers, the quality of products or services is remembered long whereas the price is soon forgotten. When people make up their mind to consume something, they definitely want it to be worthy of their money. To be more specific, they are willing to have their ideal products although their prices can, sometimes, be very costly simply because of their durability. Long-lasting products are preferable, especially for careful consumers who are always in pursuit of the stability of the products. From another context, in terms of buyer psychology, many customers are not afraid of high cost to own certain products since not only do the products serve their needs, but they also help them to express their fashion-consciousness and status. For example, fashionable clothes enjoy increasing demand from celebrities every year though the producers set high prices. In addition, pricing low does not always work, even it can be counter-productive because consumers may assume that the products are below normal standards or the firm is going bankruptcy, which may lead to the damage of the company’s image and prestige. Last but not least, commitments to customers that a producer makes are also of great importance. These commitments usually come along with guarantees or after-sales services. Customers may pay higher amount of money for the products, however, in exchange, they are certain that they can have substitutes or indemnities when problems associated with the products happen. In other word, regardless of high prices, consumers are satisfied because they are offered certainty. In these cases, prices are also not the matter. In general, price is a significant factor that affects buyer decisions, but it is not the only determinants. Wise customers always seek for perfection from the products or services; hence, price should only be one of the aspects to be considered.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Middle East before the advent of Islam

Middle East before the advent of Islam Introduction Explain the characteristics of the Middle East before the advent of Islam. Introduce Islam and the general impact it had on the Middle East. Introduce the three examples you have chosen as evidence of the changes Islam brought about. Thesis-state the impact of Islam on the people and culture of the Middle East as shown in the examples you have chosen and the contrast you will be making Transition-prepare the reader for the first topic of the essay. I. Before, Islam the pre-Islamic Arabs religions were Bedouin polytheism, Judiasm, and Christianity. Mecca was the center of Bedouin polytheism with its Ka ba, which was used as a temple for their religion. By 7th century Islam had emerged. One might wonder, how did Islam become a predominant religion to the people of the Middle East? Along, came Muhammad in 612!He put a shut down to the pagan society and introduced â€Å"monotheism†. He changed society because, at the time, most of the Arabs were pagans who worshipped local Gods, believe in spirits, and called on soothsayers for prophesies. He taught them that they should only be worshiping One God, and he is the creator of the universe. Muhammad also demonstrated social conduct and taught the Arabs morals. He taught the Arabs to live the way God intended them to live, and created a community based on equality, justice and compassion. First, Islam has impact the people and culture by introducing moral codes so they can improv e as a society. Secondly, had there been no Islam, women in the Middle Eastern society would have continued being deprived of their rights. Society treated women as if they were sex objects instead of equal human beings. Lastly, today, one can look at the Middle East and see the exceptional visual arts, ceramics and architecture. From the breath taking mosques to the calligraphy, one can see the major influence Islam has had on the Middle East art and architecture. Overall Islam has helped transition the Middle East morally, socially, and culturally. If Islam was not brought to the Middle East society would not have moral codes today, tribes would still exist, and bloody wars between tribes. Body 1 The focus of the content of this paragraph should be a summary of the First example or area you are discussing as evidence of Islams impact upon the Middle East. In this paragraph you should fully explain the example. For example, if you chose womens rights as one of your examples, you will clarify what Islam states regarding womens rights and how it enforces womens rights. This paragraph must show your command of the example you have chosen. Example-use a specific quotation or scholarly evidence that provides evidence of the Islamic teaching. The Middle East would be a disaster without Islam. One of the most important things Islam has done for the Middle East is set up moral codes for their society. These moral codes came from the Quran and were used to help shape their society. It served as a direct guidance from Allah himself, and explained what was acceptable, expected, right and wrong. Some key moral codes Islam has set up are societys laws must be obeyed, fornication and lewd behavior are forbidden, and intoxication is forbidden. The whole purpose of these codes is it is for a man or womens duty to live his or her life according to Allahs dictations. Islam enforces these moral codes by informing society if they are not following these rules, they are not living in accordance to what Allah wants, and will have to pay the consequence for their actions. â€Å"For every bad action there is a consequence† is a a wonderful quote to use in reference to the Islamic teachings, because Allah is watching your every actio n and you will be held accountable in the afterlife. Body 2 -This paragraph will address the First example that you summarized in the previous paragraph and explain how this example is a direct result of Islams impact. Clarify the context before the advent of Islam in order to make your point that the changes you are discussing are a direct result of Islam. Analysis-Explain how the work you described in the previous paragraph is a direct result of Islam. Relationship—Explain how the example you have chosen is evident in the Middle East after the spread of Islam and has significantly changed the Middle East. Life without Islam left the Arabs morally deprived. Life was pointless, it had no meaning or purpose. There was no guidance to help them establish morals for themselves. Instead, the pagans depended on soothsayers and spirits for answers and decisions. During the Pre-Islamic Era the Bedouins of the 7th century lacked a unifying religious system. They had no unification, religion, or much in the way of moral code, since they were mostly concerned with daily pleasure. There was also no government, therefore there was no sense of law or moral code. The only law of the land was lawlessness. This resulted in people would take the law into their own hands, they became compulsive drinkers, and fornication and leading were acceptable. In the event a crime was committed, the injured party took law in its own hands, and tried to administer â€Å"justice† to the offender. Islam put a stop to all of these immoral behaviors. Islam brought laws provided within the Quran to ensure societys l aws are obeyed, and to forbid intoxication, fornication and lewding behavior. The spread of Islam and has significantly changed the Middle East, because ever since Islam the Middle East has become a society that now has moral standards the people follow. They know the difference between right and wrong, and what they can do and cannot do, because these are direct instructions from Allah himself. Body 3 The focus of the content of this paragraph should be a summary of the Second example or area you are discussing as evidence of Islams impact upon the Middle East. Before Islam was born in the Middle East, women did not hold any value in society. They were not respected and were treated more like objects. Islam has improved the standard of living for women and increased their rights. Islam states that the status of Muslim women is the same as the men. According to Allah in the Quran both have are equal and have equal responsibilities to uphold the lifestyle he wants them to live. Even the Islamic prophet emphasized the importance of treating women equally. He always treated women with the up most respect and was very kind to them. â€Å"Treat your women well and be kind for them for they are your partners and committed helpers†-Prophet Muhammad- Body 4—This paragraph will address the Second example which you summarized in the previous paragraph Same format as body 2-with example 2 Prior to adopting Islam, women had no status in society. They were treated like territory, and the male class dominated everything. They were not allowed to pick their spouse. A male would choose their wife, and she no choice but to accept. If a women were divorced, she would have to remain divorce, remarrying was not allowed. Todays day, a typical window in most circumstances should be able to inherit their deceased husbands belongs. However, men in the pagan Arab society would highly disagree. A window was not entitled to inherit her husband belongings, instead it was to be passed down to the son in the family. Furthermore, she was not allowed to inherit any belongs from her parents. There were no set limits on how many wives a many can marry. He was free to have as many as he wished. According to www.womeninislam.ws says, there were no laws that said a man beating his wife was unacceptable. Although historically women are often seen as a lower class, the Islamic Quran explained that women are equal to men, giving women the opportunity to seek their rights. After Islam was adopted in the Middle East, it changed womens rights and living standards significantly, instead of treating women like property according to Allah, men were required to take full care of their women.â€Å"4:34 MEN SHALL take full care of women with the bounties which God has bestowed more abundantly on the former than on the latter, and with what they may spend out of their possessions.† A women can choose her spouse, and divorce her spouse if she desires. Verse 2:228 says, Women undergo a three month a three month waiting period, without remarrying. When the period is over the husband can either take them back or let their wives go. The men cannot force the women to stay, if the women does not want to according to verse 4:19 It is not lawful for you to [try to] become heirs to your wives [by h olding onto them] against their will. Both men and women have equal rights here, because they both have the choice of leaving if they desire. She can also inherit belongs from her parents and deceased husband. A man is not allowed to have several wives and beating her is unacceptable. None of this could happen without the miracle of Islam.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Impact of Employee Motivation Strategies on Customer Service

Impact of Employee Motivation Strategies on Customer Service Creating and maintaining a well-motivated work force is challenging task of a company. The confidence and motivation of work force are being constantly worn down by the inevitable rejection they suffer from buyers as part of everyday activities. To some extent, a high level of employee motivation is derived from effective management practices. To develop motivated employees, a manager must treat people as individuals, empower workers, provide an effective reward system, redesign jobs, and create a flexible workplace. Empowerment occurs when individuals in an organization are given autonomy, authority, trust, and encouragement to accomplish a task. Empowerment is designed to unshackle the worker and to make a job the workers responsibility. In an attempt to empower and to change some of the old bureaucratic ideas, managers are promoting corporate entrepreneurships. Entrepreneurship encourages employees to pursue new ideas and gives them the authority to promote those ideas. Obviously, entrepreneurship is not for the timid, because old structures and processes are turned upside down. Managers often use rewards to reinforce employee behavior that they want to continue. A reward is a work outcome of positive value to the individual. Organizations are rich in rewards for people whose performance accomplishments help meet organizational objectives. People receive rewards in one of the following two ways: Extrinsic rewards are externally administered. They are valued outcomes given to someone by another person, typically a supervisor or higher level manager. Common workplace examples are pay bonuses, promotions, time off, special assignments, office fixtures, awards, verbal praise, and so on. In all cases, the motivational stimulus of extrinsic rewards originates outside the individual. Intrinsic rewards are self-administered. Think of the natural high a person may experience after completing a job. That person feels good because she has a feeling of competency, personal development, and self-control over her work. In contrast to extrinsic rewards, the motivational stimulus of intrinsic rewards is internal and doesnt depend on the actions of other people. When people think of honoring employees for jobs well done, they may typically think of monetary rewards. However, these may be neither necessary nor the best type of reward. By contrast, frequent, positive feedback provided within a n enjoyable, team-oriented environment makes a tremendous difference in employees sense of being valued and, as a result, their commitment to your company. With or without financial rewards, these cultural aspects of the workplace could be the smartest investment in the staff and business. 2.0 Problem Statement McDonalds want to improve service quality and productivity in company; the single most effective thing is improve employee morale and motivation. Fortunately there are many ways to do this from the familiar recognition and reward programs to motivating with good management, teams, training, and more. And the really good news is that most of these programs dont cost a lot of money. Motivating customer service employees provides details on the full range of approaches use to improve frontline motivation. It is important to understand exactly how these motivational approaches have been put into action in to improve customer service and provide better customer care with customer satisfaction in McDonalds. It is important to hire the right people after all, you can never motivate the wrong people, create powerful recognition and incentive programs, that fully engage and motivate employees and make the frontline job more interesting, challenging, and rewarding through empowerment, teams, good management, training, and more. 3.0 Research Objectives To identify current employee motivation strategies in McDonalds To identify effective motivates factors of employees in McDonalds To understand the customer feel about the employees of McDonalds To introduce proper employee motivation strategies to improve customer service and employees performance in McDonald 4.0 Research Questionnaires What are the current employees motivation strategies in McDonald? What are the best effective employee motivation factors for McDonald? How is the customer view about the employee of McDonald? What are the most suitable employee motivation strategies to improve customer service and employees performance in McDonald? Chapter -02 5.0 Literature Review Literature Review of Employee Motivation and Customer Service Many people go to work every day and go through the same, unenthusiastic actions to perform their jobs. These individuals often refer to this condition as burnout. But smart managers can do something to improve this condition before an employee becomes bored and loses motivation. The concept of job redesign, which requires knowledge of and concern for the human qualities people bring with them to the organization, applies motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction 5.1 Employee Motivation When redesigning jobs, managers look at both job scope and job depth. Redesign attempts may include the following: Job enlargement, often referred to as horizontal job loading, job enlargement increases the variety of tasks a job includes. Although it doesnt increase the quality or the challenge of those tasks, job enlargement may reduce some of the monotony, and as an employees boredom decreases, his or her work quality generally increases. Job rotation, this practice assigns people to different jobs or tasks to different people on a temporary basis. The idea is to add variety and to expose people to the dependence that one job has on other jobs. Job rotation can encourage higher levels of contributions and renew interest and enthusiasm. The organization benefits from a cross-trained workforce. Job enrichment, this called vertical job loading, this application includes not only an increased variety of tasks, but also provides an employee with more responsibility and authority. If the skills required to do the job are skills that match the jobholders abilities, job enrichment may improve morale and performance. Todays employees value personal time. Because of family needs, a traditional nine-to-five workday may not work for many people. Therefore, flextime, which permits employees to set and control their own work hours, is one way that organizations are accommodating their employees needs. Here are some other options organizations are trying as well: A compressed workweek is a form of flextime that allows a full-time job to be completed in less than the standard 40-hour, five-day workweek. Its most common form is the 4/40 schedule, which gives employees three days off each week. This schedule benefits the individual through more leisure time and lower commuting costs. The organization should benefit through lower absenteeism and improved performance. Of course, the danger in this type of scheduling is the possibility of increased fatigue. Job sharing or twinning occurs when one full-time job is split between two or more persons. Job sharing often involves each person working one-half day, but it can also be done on weekly or monthly sharing arrangements. When jobs can be split and shared, organizations can benefit by employing talented people who would otherwise be unable to work full-time. The qualified employee who is also a parent may not want to be in the office for a full day but may be willing to work a half-day. Although adjustment problems sometimes occur, the arrangement can be good for all concerned. Telecommuting, sometimes called flexi place, is a work arrangement that allows at least a portion of scheduled work hours to be completed outside of the office, with work-at-home as one of the options. Telecommuting frees the jobholder from needing to work fixed hours, wearing special work attire, enduring the normal constraints of commuting, and having direct contact with supervisors. Home workers often demonstrate increased productivity, report fewer distractions, enjoy the freedom to be their own boss, and appreciate the benefit of having more time for them. Of course, when there are positives, there are also negatives. Many home workers feel that they work too much and are isolated from their family and friends. In addition to the feelings of isolation, many employees feel that the lack of visibility at the office may result in the loss of promotions. 5.2 Employee Motivation Strategies 1. External Motivation There are two kinds of external motivation: a) Fear You had better get this right, or you will lose money, job, respect, relationship, status, etc. b) Incentives If you do this right, you will gain money, recognition, status, promotion, lifestyle, etc. The impact of external motivation is temporary. When the threat or incentive is removed, motivation is lost. 2. Internal Motivation Most employees have been exposed to the idea If it is to be, its up to me. And they have all been advised to set goals. Many employees set worthwhile goals, BUT their suboptimal thinking prevents them from taking the best actions to achieve the best outcomes. They compromise their own best interests, because they havent been educated in the art and science of consistent Optimal Thinking. As an Optimal Thinking leader, you assess and best resolve demotivating company rules, policies and behaviors (e.g. unproductive meetings, destructive criticism, and unclear expectations about employee performance). By minimizing demotivates and optimizing no-cost employee motivation strategies (e.g. maximizing job ownership, setting supremely motivational realistic challenges and goals, providing fair treatment and appropriate recognition, measuring performance progress, optimizing collaboration and teamwork) and educating your employees in the consistent art of Optimal Thinking, you will provide the most conducive environment to optimize employee motivation and productivity. 5.3 Motivation Theories Motivation has been researched by psychologists and others for many years. A number of theories have evolved which are pertinent to the motivation of employees. The basis of Maslows motivation theory is that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower factors need to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. According to Maslow, there are general types of needs (physiological, survival, safety, love, and esteem) that must be satisfied before a can act unselfishly. He called these needs deficiency needs. As long as we are motivated to satisfy these cravings, we are moving towards growth, toward self-actualization. Satisfying needs is healthy, while preventing gratification makes us sick or act evilly. The two-factor theory (also known as Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory) states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. It was developed by Frederick Herzberg, a psychologist, who theorized that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction act independently of each other. Expectancy Theory proposes that a person will decide to behave or act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a specific behavior over other behaviors due to what they expect the result of that selected behavior will be. In essence, the motivation of the behavior selection is determined by the desirability of the outcome. However, at the core of the theory is the cognitive process of how an individual processes the different motivational elements. This is done before making the ultimate choice. The outcome is not the sole determining factor in making the decision of how to behave. 5.4 Importance of Customer Services Good customer service is the lifeblood of any business. It can offer promotions and slash prices to bring in as many new customers as company want, but unless company can get some of those customers to come back, business wont be profitable for long. Good customer service is all about bringing customers back. And about sending them away happy happy enough to pass positive feedback about business along to others, who may then try the product or service offer for themselves and in their turn, become repeat customers Good salesperson can be used to sell anything to anyone once. But it will be your approach to customer service that determines whether or not ever be able to sell that person anything else. The essence of good customer service is forming a relationship with customers a relationship that that individual customer feels that he would like to pursue. Answer your phone. Get call forwarding or an answering service. Hire the staff if business need to. But make sure that someone is picking up the phone when someone calls your business. Dont make promises unless you will keep them. Not plan to keep them, will keep them. Reliability is one of the keys to any good relationship, and good customer service is no exception. It is important think before you give any promise because nothing annoys customers more than a broken one. Listen to your customers. Is there anything more exasperating than telling someone what you want or what your problem is and then discovering that that person hasnt been paying attention and needs to have it explained again? From a customers point of view, I doubt it. Can the sales pitches and the product babble. Let your customer talk and show him that you are listening by making the appropriate responses, such as suggesting how to solve the problem. Deal with complaints. No one likes hearing complaints, and many of us have developed a reflex shrug, saying, You cant please all the people all the time. Maybe not, but if you give the complaint your attention, you may be able to please this one person this one time and position your business to reap the benefits of good customer service. Be helpful even if theres no immediate profit in it. The other day I popped into a local watch shop because I had lost the small piece that clips the pieces of my watch band together. When I explained the problem, the proprietor said that he thought he might have one lying around. He found it, attached it to my watch band and charged me nothing! Where do you think Ill go when I need a new watch band or even a new watch? And how many people do you think Ive told this story to? Train your staff (if you have any) to be always helpful, courteous, and knowledgeable. Do it yourself or hire someone to train them. Talk to them about good customer service and what it is (and isnt) regularly. Most importantly, give every member of your staff enough information and power to make those small customer-pleasing decisions, so he never has to say, I dont know, but so-and-so will be back at Take the extra step For instance, if someone walks into your store and asks you to help them find something, dont just say, Its in Aisle 3. Lead the customer to the item. Better yet, wait and see if he has questions about it, or further needs. Whatever the extra step may be, if you want to provide good customer service, take it. They may not say so to you, but people notice when people make an extra effort and will tell other people. viii) Throw in something extra. Whether its a coupon for a future discount, additional information on how to use the product, or a genuine smile, people love to get more than they thought they were getting. And dont think that a gesture has to be large to be effective. The local art framer that we use attaches a package of picture hangers to every picture he frames. A small thing, but so appreciated. Chapter -03 6.0 Methodology Staff surveys are usually very helpful in establishing whether staff in your company is motivated and therefore performing to best effect. Aside from the information that questionnaires reveal, the process of involving and consulting with staff is hugely beneficial and motivational in its own right, Whilst survey will be unique to McDonalds and staff issues, industry and culture, some useful generic guidelines apply to most situations and own questionnaires on employee motivation. 6.1 Sampling Frame Research is mainly focused on primary data. Random sampling method is used for the primary data collection. Two questionnaire surveys are conducted for the research study. It is randomly selected 10 McDonalds in all over the country. Then it is selected 100 employees from all over the McDonalds in country. It is randomly selected 100 customers from selected ten McDonalds in all over the country. 6.2 Data Collection Mainly research is focused on primary data and secondary data also collected from books, journals and informal discussions. Two questionnaires are prepared to collect all the information required for the objectives. One questionnaire is prepared for the McDonalds employee and other questionnaire prepared for the McDonalds customers. Then the prepared questionnaire is pre tested with five employee and five consumers to make sure that questionnaires are appropriate to get required information. Then questionnaire survey is conducted randomly selected 100 employees and customers. Questionnaires are completed when interviewing the employee and customers. Chapter -04 7.0 Data Analysis 7.1 Employee Survey According to the results of the questionnaire survey, out of the sample that were subjected to the survey 75% of chefs and managers said that they were satisfied with the level of flexibility of working hours. However only 61% of the cashiers were satisfied, and it should be noted that out of the cashiers that were interviewed 53% are female workers. The female workers may find it difficult to match their requirement with the available working shifts. Even though the management had emphasized that the performance related rewarding strategies were in place, the questionnaire analysis shows some contradicting results. Only 37% of chefs, 46% cashiers are satisfied with their salary. But 100% of the managers are satisfied with their salary. Also approximately 37% of chefs and cashiers are satisfied with the benefits, while 75% of the managers are satisfied with their benefits. Further 25% and 38% of chefs and cashiers are satisfied with the frequency and amount of bonuses respectively. However 50% of the managers are satisfied with the bonuses. But 62% chefs, 53% cashiers and 100% of the managers are satisfied with the rewarding scheme. Nevertheless this analysis indicates a more focus and biasness towards the management in terms of rewards and the requirements of the team members are not sufficiently addressed. However based on the questionnaire analysis, on average 50% of the employees are satisfied with the career advancement opportunities available to them. So the reason for this lower satisfaction level should be investigated. The results of the questionnaire survey shows that around 76% of the operational level employees (cashiers, chefs, etc) are below 4 years in service. So this can be a symptom of employee turnover or they may have been promoted to higher grades. So it is identified that the job security for the KFC team members are high, a large number of employment opportunities are available within their group of companies and their career path is clear. According to the questionnaire results 75% of chefs and 100% of managers are satisfied with their job security. However the cashiers show a lower satisfaction rate of 53% of job satisfaction. Even though the management believes in a supportive corporate culture to enhance employee motivation, the effectiveness of the implementation of the strategies is questionable. This because the results of the questionnaire results revealed that only 50% of the chefs and only 46% of cashiers are satisfied with the existing corporate culture even though there is 100% satisfaction of the management. 7.2 Customer Survey 100 customers were interviewed in this survey, according to their view 69% customers satisfied with customer service delivering in McDonald, 26% customers dissatisfied and 5% customers were neutral in that question. Product quality and price view of customers were good 78% of customers satisfied with product quality and 82% customers satisfied with product price. According to customer view, researcher can summarized their view as above Chapter -05 8.0 Conclusions Recommendations 8.1 Conclusions It can be concluded that the rewarding strategy which is in place at the moment is somewhat ineffective. One of the major issue with the current system is it is more bias towards the management but does not take into account the requirements of the team members. This fact is proven by the results of the questionnaire analysis. For instance only 37% and 46%% of chefs and cashiers are satisfied with their salary, respectively. However 100%% of the managers are satisfied of their salary. On the other hand 37% and 38% of chefs and cashiers are satisfied with their benefits respectively, while 75% of the managers are satisfied. It can be concluded that, in general KFC has taken actions tom promote their team members to higher positions in anticipation of motivation. When considering the results of the questionnaire only 0% of chefs and 15% of cashiers have service records of more than 7 years. So the chefs and cashiers may be promoted as managers in course of time. This fact is further supported by the fact that no managers were found to have less than 4 years of experience at Mcdonald. So managers must be promoted from the operational level to their current position. 8.2 Recommendations It is recommended to revise the existing rewarding scheme appropriately to accommodate the requirements of the team members in terms of amount of economic benefits ensuring a win-win situation for both the employees and the employer. It is recommended to attend to the issue of high work load of female cashiers, and to the issue of lack of new technology in McDonald. It is emphasized that by bringing in new technology to reduce work load. It is recommended to design a new shift of working, different to the general shifts that are currently available in order to accommodate the requirements of the female employees. It is recommended to provide convenient physical working environment for female workers. It is recommended to assess the training needs of chefs regularly because of the technical nature of the job and because of a chefs ability to deliver superior customer satisfaction. Proper training program should be organized and conducted continuously to enhance the knowledge and the skill base of the chefs.

Monday, August 19, 2019

Recycling:The Technology of Conserving :: Environmental Environment

Recycling:The Technology of Conserving I. America Thinks Trash Over the past two decades, the U.S. Public has embraced a remarkable hobby: recycling. The awareness of threatening environmental issues and recycling programs have been growing parallel to each other. Despite vast and compelling evidence against recycling, the American public has continued to practice daily rituals of sorting out items from their own trash. After reading the arguments posed by the anti-recyclers, making sure to acknowledge the truth and disregard over generalizations and flaws, a prevailing question arises: Is recycling necessary with our technological advances? II. The History of Garbage â€Å"Population when unchecked increases in a geometrical ration. Subsistence increases only in an arithmetical ratio.† -Thomas Roberto Malthus (1798) The world has inevitable had its share of â€Å"sighting† into the future. An energy crisis in the middle of the 19th century was caused by the dwindling supply of whales. In 1905, President Roosevelt announced a â€Å"timber famine†. In 1929, the United States was proclaimed to have a mere seven year supply of petroleum left. It was also predicted by several ecologists, including Paul Ehrlich, one of the world’s better-known scientists and author of â€Å"The Population Bomb†, that in the 1970’s or 80’s the world would undergo a terrible famine and eventually starve to death. Not only did the widely fear popular â€Å"sightings† not occur, but â€Å"things were actually getting less scarce as population grew.† [8] Did we get lucky? Yes and No. Yes because the scarcity forced prices to increase and forced creative and ingenious minds to â€Å"create† new resources. No because new uses for resources existed, we just had not discovered them. Furthermore, luck did not take care of the problem, hard work towards solutions did. Are we running out? â€Å"Fossil fuels and most minerals are more abundant than in the past--that is, they are more readily available and cheaper than they used to be. Most resources are so plentiful that they will last for centuries† (6). Resources are abundantly available, but like anything else in this world, if we abuse, we will have unfortunate consequences. Maybe not complete extinction or mass starvation, but definitely unwanted problems which could have been prevented. So, we might not run out of oil and one sighs with content. However, it is not necessarily a good thing. More oil means more pollution. III. Two-Faced Trash Humanity’s destiny is debated by two opposing views in the recycling world. The ecologist and the economist.

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Essay -- essays research papers

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill ABSTRACT In March of 1989, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker ran aground on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. An eighteen foot wide hole was ripped into the hull, and 10.9 million gallons of crude oil spilled into the ocean. In the following weeks, many things transpired. This paper will discuss the cleanup, the damage, and the results of the biggest oil spill in United States history. On March 24, 1989, in Prince William Sound Alaska, the Exxon Valdez was moving South West after leaving Port Valdez. The ship was carrying over fifty million gallons of crude oil. When the Valdez was only twenty-eight miles from the port, it ran aground on Bligh reef. The bottom was ripped open, and 10.9 million gallons of North Slope Crude Oil spilled into the frozen Alaskan waters at a rate of two hundred thousand gallons per minute. The remaining forty-two million gallons were off loaded. In the ensuing days, more than 1,200 miles of shoreline were hit with oil. This area included four National Wildlife Refugees, three National Parks, and Chugach National Forest. Within hours, smaller tanker vessels arrived in order to off load the remaining oil. Unfortunately, the cleanup effort was hindered by an inadequate cleanup plan that had been created during the 1970's. These plans outlined how an oil spill would be handled, including provisions for maintaining equipment such as containment booms and "skimmer boats." The plans also called for a response team to be on twenty-four hour notice. Unfortunately, the plans were good on paper only. A spill of this size had not been anticipated. Therefore, the response teams had been demobilized, and the equipment that was supposed to be ready at all times was either too far away or nonexistent.. Precious hours were also wasted as Corporations, the Alaskan State Government, and the National government argued over who should take control of the situation. The arguments ensued after debates over who would pay for what, who was responsible for what, and who would do the best job. The local fishermen were a big help with the cleanup effort. They battled with the oil in order to protect their industry. Many fisherman were seen in row-boats in the small coastal inlets. The fishermen work... ...industry in Alaska, so there has been much concern over the welfare of the fish. Many natives also live by subsistence fishing. Pink salmon and herring were the two species that people were most concerned about. Pink salmon is the biggest commercial fish in Alaskan waters, many people were afraid that the salmon population would need years to recover, however, studies have shown that the effect of the oil on spawning, eggs, and fry was negligible. Chromatography tests have also shown that there are no hydrocarbons in the flesh of most of the fish. Those that do have hydrocarbons in their flesh have a level that is so low as to be measured in the parts per billion range. Herring is also a huge commercial fish in Alaska. The 1988 catch yielded twelve point three million dollars. In 1989, after the spill, herring was declared "off limits" to fishermen. However, this was compensated by a salmon catch that was six times as big as it had been in 1988. In 1990, when herring fishing resumed, it returned to normal levels. The damage to the fishing industry was not nearly as bad as had been anticipated. Usha Varanasi, director of the NOAA's Environmental Conservation Division in S

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Low self esteem

I was flicking through some featured articles on my IPad last night when I happened to come across Rod Liddle's piece: ‘our children urgently need less self-esteem'. I asked myself, do our children need less self-esteem? Preposterous. Of course not, in fact I believe that they need more self-esteem. Low self-esteem is one of the major underlying problems of crime, bullying, unemployment†¦ honestly, the list could go on. Children with low self-esteem suffer from depression and a sense of insignificance and generally have a pessimistic view on all aspects of life. Whereas children with high self-esteem are positive and seem to do better in life than those who lack confidence. Why? Why should children need less self-esteem when it is already clear that high self-esteem seems to be a better trait in children? Honestly, I really do think this article is just a '50 year old twat' ranting about the younger generation, however I have an urge to criticize his opinions because his article is just too fallacious. Rod Liddles article was a response to the riots earlier last year in the summer, and yes I do agree that they were outrageous and caused a huge calamity nationally, but, like the teachers I would say the kids need more self-esteem rather than less. This is due to the fact that a majority of the rioters probably had low self-esteem to start with and therefore gave into peer pressure to follow some idiots smashing up the shop windows of Poundland just because it seemed like the ‘cool' thing to do. Even if some kids have self-esteem which sky rockets to the sky, acting as role models for the rioters, it is probably the parents fault, and the upbringing they had which means it is Liddles generation to blame. I believe that the riots were not started by some random, over-confident teens wanting to take over the nation but were sparked by an outrage when the judicial system failed to explain the accidental shooting and killing of Mark Duggan. So obviously it is his generation who started the riots In the first place by unjustly ignoring people's anger, consequently allowing the riots to start. Also, Liddle states that the judicial system is made too liberal saying â€Å"if anything goes wrong with a modern child's life, it is someone else's fault: teachers, or the Police, or society†. In this he is totally contradicting himself, because the police force is made up of his generation or maybe slightly younger, but all still being adults, so really he is criticizing the wrong people. In addition, according to Wikipedia, police arrested 3,100 people which is a fairly reasonable amount of people. Meaning the judicial system is not actually that soft, they do lock up a fair amount of wrong doers. As for the teachers, well I'm sure almost everyone on the planet has had a detention or some form of punishment for doing something wrong in school. And if you do something horrifically bad then you are expelled with no exceptions. So tell me again, Liddle, where children are not disciplined? The riots were not caused only by low self-esteem by also by desperation due to the current economic situation our country is in now. Many people are now broke, poor and depressed, and obviously some people want to do something about it. So when the opportunity arises where you can take whatever you can get hold of, whether you actually want it or get some money out of it then I'm guessing the mind-set is ‘why not? , other people are doing it'. The state of the economy had to be caused somehow, some time ago and after some research it turns out that it was in fact Liddles generation who caused this total slump. Apparently, ‘back then' houses were cheaper and loaning from the bank was easier, causing people to have too much self-esteem and consumer confidence. So when people decided they were rich they started buying and buying and buying until they had no money to give back to the banks. Now in the present day all of us have to pay for their expenses and suffer in this drudgingly, slow sink into an economic depression. Lastly, I am convinced that Liddle is totally unreliable and his use of hyperbole is excessive, he is clearly not a modern day teen and cannot say anything about self-esteem in kids because he simply is not one. Liddle is pretty much 30 years past his prime and cannot accurately state the minds of our modern youths. Many teens are low in self-esteem but merely hide behind a mask to make it seem as though they are ‘significant' and know it, but in fact they want to curl up in a ball and cry about life.

Special Needs Assistant Requirements

Dec 2008 How do I become a Special Needs Assistant? Special Needs Assistants. Job Description Special Needs Assistants are recruited specifically to assist schools in providing the necessary non–teaching services to pupils with assessed educational needs. Their duties are assigned by the Principal acting on behalf of the Board of Management. Their work is supervised either by the Principal or another teacher as determined by the Principal. Those duties involve tasks of a non-teaching nature such as: . Preparation and tidying up of classrooms. 2. Assisting school children to board and alight from school buses. Where necessary travel as escort during school hours on school buses may be required. 3. Special assistance as necessary for children with particular difficulties e. g. helping special needs pupils with typing or writing or computers or other use of equipment. 4. Assistance with clothing, feeding, toileting and general hygiene and being mindful of health and safety needs of the pupil. 5.Assisting on out-of-school visits, walks, examinations and similar activities. 6. Assisting the teachers in the supervision of pupils during assembly, recreation and dispersal from the classroom for one reason or another. 7. Accompanying individuals or small groups who may have to be withdrawn temporarily from the classroom for one reason or another. 8. General assistance to the class teachers, under the direction of the Principal, with duties of a non-teaching nature. (Special Needs Assistants may not act as either substitute or temporary teachers.In no circumstances may they be left in sole charge of a class or group of children). 9. Participation with school development planning, where appropriate, and co-operation with any such changes with policies and practices arising from the school development process. 10. Engagement with parents of special needs pupils in both formal and informal structures as required and directed by school management. 11. Other duties app ropriate to the grade as may be determined by the needs of the pupils and the school from time to time.Special Needs Assistants may be re-assigned to other work appropriate to the grade when special needs pupils are absent or when particular urgent work demands arise. Qualifications required: The minimum level of qualification required is a Junior Certificate with passes in English, Maths and Irish. In reality many SNA applicants will have further qualifications such as the FETAC level 5 SNA certificate (single subject or full award) or the FETAC Level 5 qualification in Childcare.Some may also have third level qualifications in related fields such as Montessori, Early Childhood Education or Psychology. Experience Relevant work experience with children is very important. This can include time spent as a volunteer in a homework club, summer camp leader, sports coach, as well as being active in your childrens’ school, for example in the parents association. More information on working as a SNA is available in the Education Personnel section of the Dept of Education & Science website www. education. e or from AEGIS. Local Courses. †¢ FETAC level 5 Special Needs Assisstant single subject certificate courses have been offered as a part-time course in Abbeyleix Further Education Centre and Portarlington Adult Education Centre. Check www. laoisvec. ie †¢ Portlaoise College offers a full FETAC level 5, Special Needs Assistants course as well as a Childcare programme at the same level. www. portlaoisecollege. ie Information taken from Dept of Education & Science Website www. education. ie and INTO website www. into. ie

Friday, August 16, 2019

Life is like a box of chocolates Essay

At first glance the quote ‘life is like a box of chocolates seems’ rather silly. How could such a large and complicated concept such as life be compared to something as small and simple as a box of chocolates? There have been two opposing viewpoints in regards to the meaning of this quote, and each viewpoint comes about by a different analysis of what life and chocolates represent as well as what they mean in today’s world. The conclusion to the question can only come about through a thorough examination of the quote itself along with its possible entailments to see what both groups of people deem important and what they choose to ignore. Both arguments seem to work well to counter the other and show the flaws in the other explanation’s theory. According to the World Book Encyclopedia, life is ‘a state, existence, or principle of existence conceived as belonging to the soul.’ Most people, when questioned about life would not have a very clear or concise answer because life is not something that is wholly tangible. In general life is considered to be everything that happens to a person from the moment they are born to the moment they die. All of their interactions with the world and all of their thoughts and actions. There does not seem to be any plan or order to these events, just everything that happens. Everything. Life is a long process with good, bad and indifferent points. According to the World Book Encyclopedia, a box is ‘a container, usually with four stiff sides, a bottom, and a lid to pack or put things in,’ and chocolate is ‘a substance made by roasting and grinding cacao seeds.’ A box of chocolates would logically be a container which holds cacao products. A scientific dissection of a box of chocolates would show a box (usually rectangular or heart shaped) filled with anywhere from one to dozens of small, individually wrapped chocolates. Usually the type of chocolate and the filling of each individual varies inside a given package. In America however, a box of chocolates means much more then this simple addition of definitions and a direct visual analysis would lead one to believe. A box of chocolates, in our referent system, is a symbol. It generally symbolizes  love, and through metonymy, has been made to mean love. When a gift of a box of chocolates is given on Valentine’s Day, it more than symbolizes love, it actually means love. The meanings have become blurred over the years as chocolate has become a standard gift. It is not an original thought to give someone chocolate, but more a means of showing love. Not an act of love, but merely an expression of love. The first group of people generally finish the simile ‘life is like a box of chocolates’ with the conclusion ‘you never know what you’re gonna get.’ This group views all the meanings of life and of the box of chocolates and found the best compilation to be that both in life, and in chocolates, there is randomness and a lack of order. When a person walks out of the front door of his house on a Monday morning, there is no way for him to know if he is going to find a hundred dollar bill tucked under his doormat, or a large meteor that has fallen and crushed his car. It’s hard to know if a day is going to be a good day or a bad day, you just know that it will be a day. The same holds true for eating a box of chocolates. When you open a box of chocolates, there are rows of non-differentiated chocolates. They all look the same, and yet you know some are filled with cream, some with caramel and some with coconut. When you pick one up, much like when the man opens his front door, there is no way of knowing if you will get a good chocolate (cream) or a bad chocolate (coconut), you just know you’ll get a chocolate. For both examples it will not be easy to tell if it was good or bad until the chocolate, or the day, has been completed. You never know what will happen. The second group of people generally finish the simile ‘life is like a box of chocolates’ with the conclusion ‘a thoughtless perfunctory gift that nobody really wants.’ This group takes up an opposing analysis and says that the important part of chocolates is not the randomness of them within the package, but instead the symbol that people don’t really think in life, but instead just perform as they are expected to. Since chocolates have come to mean love, people no longer do creative things to express their love. They simple buy chocolates. Once the chocolates are delivered, then what. People don’t actually want the chocolates, they want the love. Since the chocolates  have assumed the meaning of love, the chocolates themselves go to waste. Who wants to eat their love? Instead of being eaten immediately, as chocolates are truly intended to be, they are showed to friends and relatives, and eventually put on a shelf or in a cabinet. They will get eaten if someone shows desire, but it’s not important. Under this interpretation, life is pointless and merely for show. People don’t do things because it is what they feel that they should, people do things because they are expected to (just as the lover is expected to give chocolate). It is better to put up an lofty facade, then to be true and honest to the people around you.

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Darden case study Essay

1. Using the full spectrum of segmentation variables, describe how Darden segments and targets the sit-down dining market. The types of segmentation include geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral segmentation. For geographic segmentation, Darden has all of its Longhorn Steakhouse restaurants in the eastern half of the United States but they are trying to expand to the west coast. This is a great idea because out west is an untapped market with great potential for lots of earnings. Darden has a chance to redefine the image of steakhouses as is currently being done like the classiness that is being added to the brand. The customer traffic is increasing and Longhorn Steakhouse could potentially even overtake Outback Steakhouse as the premier steakhouse type of restaurant. For demographic segmentation, Red Lobster represents the opportunity Darden has to fill the gap between the young fast food concept and the upscale white-tablecloth restaurants. Red lobster is even making many changes to accommodate for the changing times around America which is causing sales to fall. With innovative concepts such as wood fired grilling resulting in a â€Å"taste of wood-grilled seafood† and investments in equipment and training, Darden is putting itself back in the spotlight to becoming recognized and respected. You can also never go wrong with fried shrimp so Red Lobster will always have that marketing card to play. The Psychographic segmentation is shown by how people want to feel positive emotions when they go out to restaurants such as the concept of a happy family and namely the mythical Italian family. Customers want to feel emotionally satisfied as much as they want to be physically satisfied by the food. Creating an authentic menu hits close to home because people get that warm and happy feeling when they see the authenticity. Even Olive Garden’s commercial â€Å"When you’re here, you’re family† and slogan show the feelings of connection that Americans want to feel and would be willing to come in for. Behavioral segmentation is shown in how less frequently Americans want to sit down at restaurants to eat their meals. With all of our financial constraints we are choosing different and more cost effective ways to eat out and have a good time with the family. Darden needs to use more cost effective ways to lower the meal prices so that family’s will once again be willing to eat out at a sit down restaurant on a regular basis.