Olaudah Equiano, A British Slave, And Frederick Douglass...

The autobiographies of Olaudah Equiano, a British slave, and Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs, American slaves, highlight the transition from the institution of British slavery pre-American Revolution to the 18th and 19th century American plantation slavery. The explicit differences between the two systems suggest unique factors that either promoted or hindered each institution. In Britain, slavery was generally driven by economic factors that relied on trained labor. Growth and expansion of slavery in the United States, however, was deeply rooted in consistent oppression and exploitation of slaves through physical and psychological abuses, which in turn gave slave owners unchecked power that ensured the perpetuation of plantation slavery. The placement of slaves throughout different regions of the world shaped individual experiences, allowing for the growth of varied slave institutions. The life of Olaudah Equiano, a slave sent primarily to Britain and its colonies, in contrast with the lives of American slaves, defines this clear difference. While enslaved, Equiano was taught how to read and write, and was baptized as a Christian. These events marked the bridging of the wide gap between African slaves and their European slave owners, as slaves in Britain participated in aspects of society traditionally associated with Europeans. Equiano’s â€Å"apprehensions and alarms...among the Europeans† began to decrease, as he was continually being integrated into society and wasShow MoreRelatedThe Classic Slave Narratives: Harriet Jacobs, Frederick Douglass and Olaudah Equiano1985 Words   |  8 PagesThe book The Classic Slave Narratives is a collection of narratives that includes the historical enslavement ex periences in the lives of the former slaves Harriet Jacobs, Frederick Douglass, and Olaudah Equiano. They all find ways to advocate for themselves to protect them from some of the horrors of slavery, such as sexual abuse, verbal abuse, imprisonment, beatings, torturing, killings and the nonexistence of civil rights as Americans or rights as human beings. Also, their keen wit and intelligenceRead MoreThe Humiliating Nature of Enslavement, Sexual Savage Exploitation, and Degradation in Autobiographical Narratives of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Ann Jacobs2068 Words   |  9 Pages sexual savage exploitation, and degradation in autobiographical narratives of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Ann Jacobs In the age of Romanticism, slavery and the slave trade provoked sharp criticism and controversy and played a very significant role in shaping public opinion and causing moral opposition to injustice and tyranny. Since Columbus’s journey opened the doors of the Atlantic passage to African Slave Trade, slavery became man’s greatest inhumanity to man â€Å"converting† the victimsRead MoreThe Emergence Of The United States As An Independent Country, And African American Literature Essay1769 Words   |  8 PagesAfrican -American history predated the emergence of the United States as an independent country, and African – American literature was similarly in deep roots. Jupiter Hammon who was considered as the first published Black writer in America. In 1761, he published his first poem named â€Å"An Evening Thought: Salvation by Christ with Penitential Cries†. Through his poem, he implemented the idea of a gradual emancipation as a way to end slavery . His idea was later reprinted in some works such as â€Å"Le Mulatre†Read MoreBibliographic Essay on African American History6221 Words   |  25 PagesBibliographic Essay on African American History Introduction In the essay â€Å"On the Evolution of Scholarship in Afro- American History† the eminent historian John Hope Franklin declared â€Å"Every generation has the opportunity to write its own history, and indeed it is obliged to do so.†1 The social and political revolutions of 1960s have made fulfilling such a responsibility less daunting than ever. Invaluable references, including Darlene Clark Hine, ed. Black Women inRead MoreThe History of American Literature3501 Words   |  15 PagesThe history of American Literature starts well before this land was even called America. It has been a great evolution to come from tribal symbols and drawings to todays Stephen King and Danielle Steele. Literature has gone through many phases and was impacted by great events and ideas in American history. The earliest form of literature in what would one day be known as America were far from what modern day people would consider Literature. The Natives who inhabited this land first had unwritten

The Six Functions Of Rhetoric - 1482 Words

It has been said that there is no clear definition of rhetoric. Throughout the years there have been many disputes over the meaning of this type of communication however, two specifics can be agreed on; rhetoric contains six distinguishing characteristics and six ultimate functions. The six distinguishing characteristics of rhetoric include that it is planned, adapted to an audience, reveals human motives, is responsive, seeks persuasion, and addresses contingent issues. The six functions of rhetoric include the theories that rhetoric test ideas, assists advocacy, distributes power, discovers facts, shapes knowledge, and builds communities. Due to its content, organization, and goal, Lincoln’s work falls into the category of rhetoric. On the other hand, because of the work’s intent, vocabulary, and emotion, Dickinson’s work is best described as a poem. Incidentally, Dickinson’s poem also contains multiple characteristics and functions of rhetoric. From the data collected and interpreted, we may categorize Lincoln’s â€Å"Second Inaugural Address† as a rhetorical speech and Dickinson’s â€Å"Success Is Counted Sweetest† as a poem containing rhetorical characteristics. Lincoln’s speech announces to announce to his people, the Union, the Civil War, was unavoidable. In his first few paragraphs, the President claims that he has no new knowledge of the war to present to the people that they do not already know. Lincoln goes on to explain how despite the Union’s progress in the war, thereShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Second Inaugural Address1234 Words   |  5 PagesCounted Sweetest Rhetoric is often denoted to as the art of persuasion. A set of linguistic traits and semantics used to evoke emotional responses from its intended audience, opening the floor for unanticipated influence by said audience. It would be an atrocity to ignore the efforts behind this simple yet powerful manipulation. 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Anti-Chinese racism, throughout the mid-nineteenth century, emerged as a major political issue as the Chinese immigrant population rose in the western United States andRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Six Sigma, Lean, And Kaizen1373 Words   |  6 PagesThe Similarities and Differences of Six Sigma, Lean, and Kaizen Six Sigma, Lean, and Kaizen are all strategies that hold their roots in business for the positive improvement of functions for particular entities. These strategies are unique in their global applicability and specific processes and yet similar with regard to the manner in which they are structured. They can be applied to improve processes for anything from large scale manufacturing to something as simple as gardening. The purpose ofRead MoreThe Homeland Security Act Of 20021562 Words   |  7 Pageshis state of the union address, on January 29, 2002, â€Å"Our first priority must always be the security of our nation† (American Rhetoric Online Speech Bank, 2002, para. 28). In addition, Bush stated later in his speech, â€Å"America is no longer protected by vast oceans. We are protected from attack only by vigorous action abroad and increased vigilance at home† (American Rhetoric Online Speech Bank, 2002, para. 32) to which the homeland security act of 2002 was born. The Homeland Security Act of 2002Read MoreFor many people or even societies, the usage of two or more languages in a single conversation is1100 Words   |  5 Pagesinstruction at college levels. For the study, about four hundred and six teachers were selected. The study’s main purpose was to answer the following questions: How do teachers decide which CS practices are more permissible and which are less permissable? What are the reasons for which the English language teachers code-switch in bilingual classroom? And How English language teachers determine the significance of different functions of CS in the EFL classrooms? The research questionnaire used in thisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article The Fox News Network 1327 Words   |  6 Pagesthe views of the Army, it is imperative to ask the question: is the military obligated to be politically correct? Why should West Point be held to higher standards? The Army is a professional, impartial, and bipartisan faction of government; the rhetoric they disseminate should not ostracize anyone who identifies with traditional American values. Conversely, even organizations deserve a degree of free speech. This is where it is important to draw a distinction between free and destructive speechRead MoreThe Function and Importance of Letters in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice1272 Words   |  5 PagesThe Function and Importance of Letters in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Introduction In her classic novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen describes the tribulations of Elizabeth Bennett, one of five sisters, as she struggles to navigate the social mores and values of early 19th century England. During this period in history, correspondence was almost entirely through written letters but the postal system in London made deliveries a dozen times a day, meaning that it was possible to writeRead MoreWhat Does America Represent?1412 Words   |  6 Pagesonly was the practice wrong but it was also ineffective (pg. 1). America stood against such practices and shunned countries who practiced these techniques. However after the war, America’s stance on torture changed. Jervis (2015) reported that just six days after 9/11, Bush had the CIA detain terrorist suspects around the world to be interrogated with â€Å"enhanced interrogation techniques† (pg. 3). So what are these â€Å"enhanced interrogation techniques† and why are they widely debated? According to JervisRead MoreEssay Outline on Music1308 Words   |  6 PagesEssay Outline I. II. People do not choose to be influenced by music, as music is scientifically influential to the human brain. Olteteanu, Ion. The formative function of musical interactions within social identity. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations 3.1 (2011): 215+. Academic OneFile. Web. 17 Jan. 2013. We turn to music, we need it, because of its ability to move us, to induce feelings and moods, states of mind. â€Å"Bures notes that the human brain is uniquely configuredRead MorePOG Premium Oil and Gas1739 Words   |  7 Pagesthe marketing, supply and transportation of these products. The company earns revenues of around  £100 billion per annum based on its daily production of two million barrels of crude oil and eight billion cubic feet of natural gas, plus daily sales of six million barrels of refined products. Over 90 per cent of POG’s executives are Dutch nationals, of whom five per cent are women. This concentration can be explained by the company’s Dutch origins and its consequent patterns of recruitment. Recently

International Portfolio Diversification Benefit-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the International Portfolio Diversification Benefits. Answer: Introduction: It is evident from the theory of portfolio that domestic invested assets portfolio are generally most favourable. If for instance household in France makes investment only in equity of French, the investor will have subordinate return to the ratio of risk in comparison to the worldwide asset investment (Gaudecker Von (2015). Since it is accurate in common, for each sort of investors, nations and assets an improved, diversification must enhance the investments performance of the investors. The integration of Capital market and diversification is associated in numerous methods. Under a completely incorporated capital market, all the trading risk factors are at the indistinguishable price. This represents that if the capital markets of Europe were entirely integrated than the cycle of business or the risk of inflation would result in identical price in all the capital markets of Europe (Yang et al., 2014). Therefore, integration of capital market represents where the law of one price is entirely applicable to each and every trading assets. Characteristics of International Stock and Bond Portfolios: Large volume of diversified stock and bond portfolio must therefore alter the boundary of the proficient portfolios upward and for every given risk, the standard return of the portfolio must increase. Hence, more integrated capital market must result in bigger segment of overseas stock and bond in the portfolio with the outcome of enhanced diversified investments (Brire et al., 2015). Formally, integrating the capital markets has additional fundamental connotation with liberated access to overseas monetary markets. Nonetheless only, a little portion of the total assets of domestic households is endowed in the marketable assets in the form of equities and bonds. There is a widely evident propensity to make investment in a big place in the domestic state. One portion of the private households is that a large portion of preference from institutional investors in making investment in equities and bonds that is subjugated in the own currency. An additional likely reason of home based occu rrence is the information asymmetry. Generally, investors possess improved information with subordinate information on cost for household assets. According to the viewpoint of personal households, the cost of supplementary business may be very high for making the overseas investment beneficial. The Evolution of Diversification: Investors diversify with the objective of mitigating the effect of fluctuations of market on the return on portfolio. Over the period, this results in the production of smooth in general experience of investment primarily assists in striking a equilibrium between expansion and safety. The concept of diversification provides suggestion that this can be attained by sustaining the mixture of investment through numerous industries, districts and class of assets (Alexeev et al., 2016). The theory adopted by the investors to attain diversification has transformed over the years this is largely due to the globalization and innovation of product. In context of the present day, being efficiently diversified has paved new connotation with innovating degree of significance is provided globally to integrate economies of scale and close association across capital markets. The main contribution to worldwide financial expansion continues to discover and progressively more such kinds of alterations are reflected in the build up of the international capital markets. It is significant that the construction of portfolio also develop to reproduce such changes (Najeeb et al., 2015). Diversification in the modern context represents having a disclosure to openings in rapidly expanding markets with investment in both small and big companies. Globalization of capital markets: Open trade between countries with increase in overseas savings and ever more international surroundings have established better associations between nations, especially in the urbanized market. Economically modernised now make it easier for the investors to gain better admission to the international capital markets but also have better association in the hazard posed across different regions. The statistics suggest that the correlation between international economies has posed new threats in attaining efficient diversification (Bodie et al., 2014). There are market that are very greatly correlated tends to act in response to the alterations in the trade cycle by approaching in the identical track with same degree. The conflicting statement is true for the capital markets that are not correlated or correlated inversely. The principles of combining the investments together that are not correlated or in reverse correlated is precisely the method that determines the concept of diversific ation. A positive correlation is witnessed at the time of international financial crisis when the international equity market fell down sharply after the breakdown of Lehman Brothers bankruptcy on September. For several investors, the financial crisis was in the form of wakeup call with simple diversification across the diversified urbanized areas that no more provided identical reimbursement of risk alleviation which it had in earlier period (Cressy et al., 2014). One of the strong reasons for market cap diversification is higher correlation, which means that this kind of method will not offer the identical degree of downside defence, which it may have in the past. This is reason why adding wider contact to numerous geographic areas has turned into highly important. The rise of emerging markets: The formation of financial activity across the world has transformed. Approximately 50% of the international manufacture arrived from the US and Europe in comparison to the about 35% at present (Meric et al., 2016). The share of production from nations that developing in the Asian regions has increased to more than double over the similar period from 10% to nearly 25% presently. Perhaps the growing markets currently make up more than 80% of international inhabitants and it is worlds rapidly growing economies. Since globalization has resulted in the collapse of the international GDP, innovating technologies have redesigned the face for opportunities of making investment. Companies that are established in the industries are accepting change and rapidly growing innovative capital investment is taking place outside of the places where investors are using for making investment (Zorn et al., 2014). For instance, even though US is leading in the world in regard to the international expenditure on research and development but the expenditure of Asian countries has been increasingly growing from the last decade to the stages from where China has presumed second place across the world at the forefront of Japan. Emerging Markets: The Fresh Economic Powerhouse: Stimulated by a physically powerful aspiration for economic growth several rising markets have gradually more opened their doors towards overseas investment. Several nations are still experiencing the growth following the development of trade relationships with the rest of the world. They are involved in the procedure of setting free the economic drive with highly motivated workforce (Guidi Ugur, 2014). Emerging countries that are involved in the economic expansion play an important in attaining international growth for investors and portfolio. The degree of worldwide GDP derived from the emerging markets has continued to grow significantly since the mid 1960. It is regarded as the trend that is anticipated to experience growth in the coming decades. In contrast to this, developed nations have continued to experience decline in the global GDP. Ever since 1987, the contribution of Americas to overall international GDP levels has dropped from over 30% to less than 27% (Driessen Laeven, 2017). Due to such kind of progress, economic enhancements in rising markets have resulted in rapid growth and stronger returns from equities. A portfolio that is efficiently diversified provides the individual investors to tap in the probable growth of these markets moving forward. Multiple layers of equity investment: Individual investors possess additional options and choices than before. Consideering the range of class of assets and geographic regions, diversification of portfolios can be improved by seeking the big and small organizations across diverse sections and with very precise features (Bouslama Ouda, 2014). Investors currently have better access to the far more strong set of openings and this increasingly plays a vital role in future regarding portfolio performance. Diversification by market capitalization: The smaller cap securities is regarded as highly volatile than the larger cap peers since low amount of correlation demonstrate an obvious advantage to include under a diversified portfolio. This is particularly because over the time bigger and smaller cap stocks have performed in a different manner. Companies that small tend to perform better in the initial stages of the economic recovery with large amount of caps resulting to mature economic cycle (Arouri et al., 2014). This was particularly the case with larger cap stocks have recently started to perform more in accordance with the smaller and medium cap names. Market analyst has covered an additional reason behind where companies that are smaller provided more exclusive openings for investment. Around more than 10,000 companies have traded on large number of major US exchanges (Tangjitprom et al., 2017). Because of this, several small companies that provide better outstanding opportunities for investment are not regularly observed. Making investments cautiously made in the smaller companies can offer the opportunity to purchase higher quality business at subordinate multiple than a person would have to purchase equities from a company that is well-known for identical superiority. Diversifying by sector: Investor can depend into one another for more significant level of diversification by making an investment in companies that function in diverse industry. This is particularly significant for shareholders in Singapore. Singapore can distinguish itself as the international leader in numerous sectors, including financials, energy and resources. Nevertheless, this kind of sectors present more than 75% of the market. In comparison to this, the US and the global markets have more even-handed mixture of sector that is incorporated in a wide variety of industries. It is noteworthy to denote that diversification is not based on building portfolio (Kocaarslan et al., 2017). It is all about maintaining it over the period of time. Because of the market movements, one of the benefits of diversification is that portfolio holders will be able to develop at a different rates and as a consequences of this, the weighting of all class of asset will go with the flow. Such kind of drift will eventually alter the portfolio composition and may perhaps result in performance experience, which is very diverse from what the investors were anticipating. Benefits of diversification: According to Yu et al., (2017), it is understood that attractions of making investing globally is depended on the effects of diversification, contributing in the expansion of international markets and irregular returns because of the segmentations of marketplace. The truth that cross border returns from the markets does not progress accurately in the similar method every times since it will result in diversification gains. The opportunities of participating in a rapidly growing economies of rising markets and as a result achieving astounding values in few years it can be regarded as the benefits of global investments. Hence, being stable about the political risks forms the most important benefits of capital markets in countries that are industrialized. Constant rebalancing forms the ingredient of well-organized method of investing that keeps portfolio on path. If left intact, a mixture of asset drift might result in exposure towards unforeseen risk of missed openings. Rebalancing also assists the investors to purchase on low price and selling at a higher price which over the time can help in reducing the volatility and would assist in improving returns by aiding investors in attaining their long term objectives (Kocaarslan et al., 2017). Developing monetary markets, innovative sources of international monetary growth and advancement in technology have all illustrated the reason why investors is required to constantly review the procedure involved in diversifying the portfolios. The method of diversification has changed considerably in the last two decades with the introduction of new styles of securities and investment styles coming into play. In addition to this, investors have the options of diversifying between the regions, sectors, class of assets, styles of equity and fixed profits of issuers. By considering all the equity products and approaches in the account diversification adds a number of difficulty to the portfolio administration procedure however diversification significantly payoff in reducing risk and mitigating the level of volatility, ultimately leading to advanced investor experience. Conclusion: The international investments help in increasing return with given risk and helps in lowering the risk within a given rate of return. This generally occurs due to the more profitable investment avenues prevailing in an enlarged universe. The empirical findings from the research provides a comparison between the investment and the foreign mixed investment revealing that a steady increase in overseas portfolio amplifies the returns from investment. Reference List: Alexeev, V., Dungey, M., Yao, W. (2016). Continuous and jump betas: implications for portfolio diversification.Econometrics,4(2), 27. Arouri, M., Nguyen, D. K., Pukthuanthong, K. (2014). Diversification benefits and strategic portfolio allocation across asset classes: The case of the US markets.Unpublished working paper, IPAG Business School. Bodie, Z., Kane, A., Marcus, A. J. (2014).Investments, 10e. McGraw-Hill Education. Bouslama, O., Ouda, O. B. (2014). International portfolio diversification benefits: The relevance of emerging markets.International Journal of Economics and Finance,6(3), 200. Brire, M., Oosterlinck, K., Szafarz, A. (2015). Virtual currency, tangible return: Portfolio diversification with bitcoin.Journal of Asset Management,16(6), 365-373. Cressy, R., Malipiero, A., Munari, F. (2014). Does VC fund diversification pay off? An empirical investigation of the effects of VC portfolio diversification on fund performance.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,10(1), 139-163. Driessen, J., Laeven, L. (2017). International portfolio diversification benefits: Cross-country evidence from a local perspective.Journal of Banking Finance,31(6), 1693-1712. GAUDECKER, H., VON, M. (2015). How does household portfolio diversification vary with financial literacy and financial advice?.The Journal of Finance,70(2), 489-507. Guidi, F., Ugur, M. (2014). An analysis of South-Eastern European stock markets: Evidence on cointegration and portfolio diversification benefits.Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money,30, 119-136. Kocaarslan, B., Sari, R., Soytas, U. (2017). Are There Any Diversification Benefits Among Global Finance Center Candidates in Eurasia?.Emerging Markets Finance and Trade,53(2), 357-374. Meric, G., Taga, L., Kim, J., Meric, I. (2016). Co-Movements of Latin American Equity Markets with the World's Other Equity Markets: Global Portfolio Diversification Implications.Journal of Accounting and Finance,16(4), 126. Najeeb, S. F., Bacha, O., Masih, M. (2015). Does heterogeneity in investment horizons affect portfolio diversification? Some insights using M-GARCH-DCC and wavelet correlation analysis.Emerging Markets Finance and Trade,51(1), 188-208. Tangjitprom, N., Chavalittumrong, P., Leelalai, V. (2017). Does Real Estate Fund in Thailand Provide Diversification Benefits for Stock Investment?.AU Journal of Management,14(2). Yang, Y., Narayanan, V. K., De Carolis, D. M. (2014). The relationship between portfolio diversification and firm value: The evidence from corporate venture capital activity.Strategic Management Journal,35(13), 1993-2011. Yu, J. R., Chiou, W. J. P., Yang, J. H. (2017). Diversification benefits of risk portfolio models: a case of Taiwans stock market.Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting,48(2), 467-502. Zorn, D., Dobbin, F., Dierkes, J., Kwok, M. S. (2014). Managing investors: How financial markets reshaped the American firm

Vegetarian (Health, Ethics And Environmetnal Effec Essay Example For Students

Vegetarian (Health, Ethics And Environmetnal Effec Essay ts) Must We Kill To Live? Today youve arrived here with questions. After you read this maybe youll have the answers? If not go to Http://www.geocities.com/rainforest/andes/4004 Whether youre already a vegetarian or if youre only curious about vegetarians I hope you find this informative and maybe influential. Ihope to open your minds enough that youll agree that we dont have to kill to live. We will write a custom essay on Vegetarian (Health, Ethics And Environmetnal Effec specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I hope to expose you to a lifestyle that doesnt promote violence or death. These are all the reasons you should need to convertyour lifestyle. Ive been a practicing vegetarian for 2 years. A vegetarian is defined as someone who avoids all animal flesh, including fish and poultry. Vegetarians can be sub categorized: Those who avoid flesh but still indulge in animal products such ascheese, milk and eggs are referred to as ovo-lacto-vegetarians. People who reject all animal products are referred to as purevegetarians or vegans. Scientific research shows that ovo-lacto-vegetarians are healthier than meat eaters and vegans arehealthier than both. Now Im going to present you with four reasons everyone should be a vegetarian. First the obvious ethical reasons, second the physiological reasons, third the health reasons and finally the most important reasons for our planet, the environmental impact of a meat based diet. First the ethical reasons to become a vegetarian. The ethical reasons were the first to occur to me when I began considering becoming a vegetarian. Why should any creature lose its life to fill my stomach? Unfortunately most people dont associate the meat on their plate as having had life at one time. In some countries people eat meat of monkeys, dogs. cats, and even other people which is disgusting to us. But its OK for us to kill cows, chickens, or fish cause they are different? At 20 weeks of age, 85 million pigs die for Americans to eat. Another 24 million die due to abuse before they reach slaughter age. Cows normally have a 25 year life span, but most only live to be 3-5 years old before dying to become hamburgers. More than 1 million calves a year are raised for veal. They spend a miserably short life of 16-18 weeks in a crate thats not big enough for them to even stand or move in. Not given any water or solid food, only deficient milk replacers, so they will stay white and tender. Since only female chickens lay eggs over 280 million male chicks are thrown into plastic bags and piled on each other to die. Something to ponder, when you eat out, whats really in that meat? Besides a dead animal? The FDA says certain percentages of unknowns are acceptable. Like cockroach parts, rat feces, and other unknowns. There are over 660,000 animals killed every hour for meat. The average American consumes 200 pounds of meat a year. Hindus believe that eating an animal ingests its fears and misery from the time of its death. Ethically animals live and breath, as we do, they feel pain and know fear. If by not eating meat I spare the torture of another living creature, how small a sacrifice is that? If the ethical reasons werent convincing read on to the physiological reasons. Physiology refers to the way were built, our anatomy. The differences between animals who were created to be predators (carnivores) and humans are distinct. Carnivores have long teeth and claws for holding and killing prey, humans have short teeth and no claws. The jaws of carnivores open in an up and down motion and shred, a humans jaw moves sideways for grinding and chewing as well as up and down. Humans are more similar to monkeys than carnivores like lions. There are many more differences that are too technical for me. Well, weve covered ethical and physiological reasons, now lets move on to health. Vegetarians enjoy excellent health consistent with dietary guidelines and meet the recommended daily allowances for nutrients. .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d , .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d .postImageUrl , .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d , .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d:hover , .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d:visited , .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d:active { border:0!important; } .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d:active , .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf5d4fab23c2c455ae7da9067f8fa914d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Our Declining Education System Essay The PCRM also lists a host of health benefits of a vegetarian diet including, prevention of cancer, heart disease, lowering blood pressure, preventing and reversing diabetes, preventing and alleviating gallstones and kidney stones as well as aiding osteoporosis and asthma. When looking at .

Comparative Analysis of FM Stations Pakistan Essay Example

Comparative Analysis of FM Stations Pakistan Essay RADIO: ABSTRACT: For the sake of our assignment task that is to canvas FM 101, 103 and 107 broadcasting we have tuned up all these three FM and listened to it by going beyond from a silent listener to an analyst. For this purpose we have keep an eye on their programs, way of speaking of RJs and DJs, use of medium for conveying message that is language, sort of music, news coverage and so on. While during this period of our listening of these FM we can easily analyze that by providing quality and variety to its listeners through unique programs it has established its place as a listeners first hoice in a very short span of time. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparative Analysis of FM Stations Pakistan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Comparative Analysis of FM Stations Pakistan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Comparative Analysis of FM Stations Pakistan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also the wealth of information and melodious music catering the diverse tastes of its listeners. Here we comparatively give the overview of all three FM stations. INTRODUCTION: Radio was at first known as wireless, and it became an important worldwide means of communication. A radio refers to an electronic device that works by receiving radio wave (an electromagnetic wave) that has the capacity to broadcast news, speech, music and other audio through the air. It is a medium of communication. It is a portable device which was invented by Marconi the great Italian scientist. Freeform radio is an art form. The airwaves are the empty canvas, the producer is the artist, and the sound is the paint. Julius Lester Radio is a fascinating medium among the various mass communication media because of its special characteristics. If we compare it to other mass media, radio consistently ranks as the most popular means of disseminating information, regardless of the continent. It is also effective not only in informing the people but also entertains listeners and creates awareness regarding many social issues and need for social reformation. It continues to be as relevant and potent as it was in the arly years despite the emergence of more glamorous media. RADIO WAVES: Radio waves transmit music, conversations, pictures and data invisibly through the air, often over millions of miles it happens every day in thousands of different ways! Even though radio waves are invisible and completely undetectable to humans, they have totally changed society. Whether we are talking about a cell phone, a baby monitor, a cordless phone or any one of the thousands of other wireless technologies, all of them use radio waves to communicate. Here are Just a few of the everyday technologies that depend on radio waves: AM and FM radio broadcasts Cordless phones. LIST OF RADIO CHANNELS IN PAKISTAN: Radio Pakistan AM 820 Karachi City FM 89 Karachi Radio ONE FM 91 Karachi Radio FM 93 ( BY Radio Pakistan) Planet FM 94(By Radio Pakistan) Radio FM IOI(BY Radio Pakistan) Radio Active FM 96 Karachi Ziauddin University FM 98. 2 Karachi(Campus Radio) Josh FM 99 Karachi/Lahore FM 100 Karachi Mast FM 103 Karachi HOT FM 105 Karachi HUM FM 106. 2 Karachi ZAB FM 106. Karachi Apna Karachi FM 107 PUBLIC INTEREST IN FM RADIO: Even though, television has completely overshadowed its predecessor as a broadcasting channel, still the numbers of radio listeners is immensely growing over he years. Despite the ever growing number of television channels radio to date is considered one of the fastest means of information. The mobility of radio through cars, cell phones and other electronic gadgets has helped in increased number of radio listeners resulting in rigorous competition between radio channels. All the efforts of radio channels are towards attracting large listenership for their FM networks. Whether you are stuck at a traffic Jam or you are feeling alone at your home one can always tune into FM and be updated with the latest information in politics, fashion, health, education, weather and what not. FM 101 : In October 1998 Radio Pakistan started FM transmission from Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore under the title of FM 101 exclusively for entertainment. It was launched as the counterpart of FM 100 as the Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation (PBC) authorities wanted to cash in on the radio boom themselves too, fearing monopoly of a private channel in this regard. During the earlier times, FM 101 maintained a low profile and didnt attracted much listener ship, at least not in the beginning as the methods used were crude and outdated, much like that of Radio Pakistan itself. With the launch of FM 101 International, the channel gained an upper edge nd today seems to be winning the race as FMIOO suffers from a serious financial crisis. It Network is spread around 9 cities of Pakistan list of the cities are Islamabad, Lahore, Multan, Karachi, Quetta, Faisalabad, Hyderabad, Sialkot, Peshawar, and Sargodha. Also FM 101 s transmission is available on Asia sat 3 and also on the web. SHOWS LIST OF FM 101 : S. NO ANCHORS NAME SHOWS RIZWAN ALI AHMED HOWZ THAT 2 RJ MEHAK GOOD EVENING 101 6PM 3 RJ FAIZA SUNDAY SPECIAL 11 AM 4 RJ NASIR KHAN GHUNCHA E SHOUQ 2 AM 5 RJ ASIM RAZA 101 INTERNATIONAL 12 MN 6 RJ ARSALAN EVENING DRIVE TIME 7 RJ BILAL HADER SMILE AND DIAL 8 RJ NEELAM CHOICE JUST FOR YOU RJ FAIZA BASHIR SATURDAY SPECIAL 10 RJ SADAF RANI GOOD MORNING 101 PAKISTAN 7 AM 12 RJ NAIL-A TAHIR 13 RJ ZAHRA SIKANDAR ANALYTICAL OVERVIEW OF FM 101 : 1. AREAS OF TRANSMISSION: The FM channel transmission reach in three major cities that is Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi. 2. MUSIC: The programme consists of music mainly of the pop variety. Western music has also been allocated two hours every day, form 3 to 4 in the afternoon and 8 to 9 in the evening. 3. INFORMATION: The transmission is sprinkled with information on a variety of topics including driving tips, horoscopes, sports, weather updates, culture and civilization, health and ygiene, quiz, women and kids issues, fashion and style and even stocks and business hints. 4. GUESTS: Prominent personalities of different fields of life are also invited in live shows to talk to the listeners and answer their phone calls. FM 101 channel also broadcast Current Affairs issues as and when required. 5. FAN FOLLOWING: The listeners give their feedback and have interaction which the DJs of FM 101 channel through SMS service, e-mails and letters. The transmission of FM 101 is also available on the web. 6. PRESENTATION: The success of any broadcast organization depends on the style presentation echniques, it has adopted. Therefore, the first and foremost demand of FM 101 from its presenters is subject knowledge, language efficiency and vocabulary with communication skills and mannerism. The presenters of the channel have been provided these skills with extensive training and guidance by experienced production team of PBC. MUST FM 103: INTRODUCTION: Faisalabad and Multan. It was proved by a survey that in the period of six year it become popular among the mass listeners and left behind other FM networks in the race to provide continuous entertainment to its listeners reaching to majority areas of the country. As today effective MASTS transmission covers almost 47 different cities, towns and areas besides the four cities with which it first started its transmission. The signal loop in these major four cities extends up to 120 km from one corner to the other corner and covers a listenership of about 35 million individuals across the country. FM 103 is not Just for a particular class, age group, segment or language but it aims to entertain and inform every segment of our society. FM 103 play the music of all genres like rock, pop, classical etc. also keep people updated from its news bulletin. Mast FM 103 also has achieved brand of the ear award in 2009 which was the proof of tremendous success and hard work of its management, anchors, RJs, DJs and other technicians. LIST OF PROGRAMS ON MAST FM 103: ANCHOR NAME SHOW TIMINGS ZULFIQAR ALI SHAH Mehran rung wid zulfiqar ali shah Sun(l ti13pm ) 2. AKMAAM SALEEM 1 . Drive to Midnight 2. Gabbalay 10-12am Fridays 8-10pm Saturdays 3. SYED AZHAR HUSSAIN Cafe Karachi Wednesday Saturday(2:OOam to 04:00am ) 4. DR. EJAZ WARS Voice of 103 sat and sun 10 till 11 pm 5. AFZAL SAHIR Mau] Mela Friday 4. 30 to 6pm HASN NAVEED AFRIDI 1. Midnight fungama with midnight traveler- taaron bhari raat 2. Ring and swing . Love connection 4. Beats and bites Thursday 12am 12pm 2pm Tuesday, wed sat 4-6 pm 7. 12am- 2 am HAMMAD ISMAEEL Mast morning with Hammad Ismaeel Thursday loam- 12 pm and Friday sat 8am to loam 8. SAHIR LODHI The sahir show Monday Friday 8 pm to IOpm 9. RJ ZIA KHAN 1 . Pakhtoonkhwa Guloona 2. Mast drive time sun 9 am- llam 4- 6 Thursday 10. RJ FIZZA AHSAN 1 . lts My Way The High Way 2. weekend morning 11. ABU RASHID Hyde park with abu Rashid and bilu baht Tuesday and Wednesday 12-2 night 12. LEENA SHAH 1 . Romance Over doze 2. Dil Ki FIR 4 . 1ive love and laugh with leena 5. siyasi adakaar Friday night at 2 Sunday Night at 2 Tuesday Night at 2 Wednesday night at 8 Monday Tuesday 3pm 13. RJ SHOAIB AHMED 1 . The Sunset Show 2. Morning Buzz 3. Food for Soul 4. Shoaib in control 6PM (Monday Friday) 8AM (Wednesday) 12PM Afternoon (Saturday) 12pmsaturday 14. RJ NAJIA AHMED 1 . Dareechay 2. Meter Down Sunday (10:00pm to 12:00pm ) Tuesday (6:00 to 8:00 pm ) Wednesday (6:00 to 8:00 pm ) 15. HADI SYED RJ on Mast FM 103 Wednesday : 12 to 2am Friday : 2 to 4am RJ FATIMA ZEHRA 1 . HouseFull 2. MP3 3. Status Update 4. Humshehri Mondays 6pm Wednesdays 4pm Saturdays.. 4pm Saturdays. 3 pm ANALYTICAL OVERVIEW OF FM 103: CONTENT: The programs of FM 103 are unique in its content and value the diversity in our society by offering varieties of programs. Their programs not only focus on one genre of people but cover all sorts of topic such as awareness programs, entertainment, information, health issues etc. Also like TV Must morning with Hammad and Bhazma- e-ghazal programs in night are also aired on it. Thus people from different backgrounds can also entertain and get benefit from it. LANGUAGE: Pakistan is the country where people speak variety of languages that is Urdu, English, Sindhi, Punjabi, Pushto, Balochi etc. herefore, on keeping in view this also FM 103 aired on its transmissions in mix languages. But as we all know that Urdu is our mother tongue and English is another widely speaking language in our country that is why still in the presence of these languages most of the people in Pakistan prefer Urdu and English. So on FM 103 during broadcasting of their programs mostly Urdu medium is utilizing for conveying messages while English and other regional languages are also used as according to the preferences of public. MUSIC: As people are found of music therefore playing of music on different channels has becomes a trend. Also FM 103 follows this trend; they not only play Pakistani pop music but as well as Indian, UK bhangra pop, latest songs of movies, ghazals and folk songs are also played for listeners of all ages. Furthermore, they play music according to the theme of their shows also they try to adjust their song list according to the time of the day like in afternoon different music and at night time different music are playing. While in some programs viewers choice of song are also take in account dunng live calls. QUIZES, COMPETITIONS GREETINGS: The things which make its shows unique from others are their numerous ompetition, quizzes and valuable gift offering which create an interest in listeners and make them to stick with it. Moreover TWINKLE TWINKLE TODAY STAR of one minute duration also runs time to time in which they not only wish the birthdays to the peoples related to that day but also tells them of their star qualities. 5. NEWS: Mast FM 103 is not at all Just about entertainment it is also a source of information with 19 hourly news bulletins that is LATEST NEWS ON FM 103 being aired from 06. 0 a. m. till 12 a. m. They also provide news bulletin after every half an hour in the about the current national and international affairs. Moreover weather update and sports are the regular features of their news. OTHER INFORMATION: Not only they provide information about current updates but they also provide special reports, short documentaries and sports programs to keep their listeners informative and updated about what is happening in the world. Also these programs are presented by some most popular presenters of FM community. While in time of trouble in the city (heavy rain, coming of rallies on road, bomb blast etc. ) they guide viewers about traffic Jam and also advised them to opt alternatives path to reach to their destiny easily. FAN FOLLOWING: No doubt that FM 103 has a huge fan of following and also many people take interest in their programs. This fact is proved from vast number of calls, SMS and Facebook messages received by the DJs and RJs of any show. The choice of programs, hosts, guests presenting and addressing various issues and topics by the viewers indicate the extensive effort put in by the team of the station. SPONSOR SHOWS: FM 103 also gives airtime to their sponsors. Many programs are still running by different sponsor such as state life insurance sponsor HAPPY LIFE WITH STATE LIFE PROGRAM, Haft roza hum sheri magazine sponsor HUM SHEHRI SHOW and Olpers ponsor TANHAYYA DRAMA etc. The time duration of these programs may range from half an hour to one hour while during these programs they also run advertisement of the sponsors. ADVERTISMENT: In this contemporary era, in order to full fill the budget of their programs advertisement is considered necessary. Therefore, during running of the programs advertisements are also giving on break. But, we know that everything has a limit and if it surpasses its limit than it become intolerable. Like that happens in FM 103 as during running of their programs they also ran advertisement for long time and also epeat it again and again which annoys the listeners very much. ANCHORS: As we know that most of the people tuned to FM in order to listen their favorite anchors that is DJs and RJs programs due to their unique voice or style of talking. Here on FM 103 famous RJs and DJS such as Hasni naveed afridi, abu Rashid, shoaib ahmed etc are also present which not only grab the attention of viewers by their unique style but people can also appreciate them from their live calls and also on Facebook the fans of these anchors like their pages and also give suggestions to make their programs better. While on the dark side some anchors also present which only focus on their programs rating and not focus on the content of the programs. APNA KARACHI FM 107: Apna Karachi is a Pop radio station. It is broadcasted in Karachi, Pakistan. Apna Karachi 107 is here here to stay in your hearts, in your minds; buzzing freely in the air for us to enjoy anytime and anywhere in Karachi. The city of lights has now acquired yet another ideal to lighten itself even more and to make it glow even brighter. For the people of Karachi, we are Apna Karachi aik sau saath. Sub se alag sub ke saath From the city that drives the nation, appeared a new FM channel backed with a flaring creative talent base, we have Just the right ingredients to make Apna Karachi, your channel of choice. It is a very good and useful site for those who really wanted to know all about Karachi. It provides lot of information about Karachi. It gives latest news about different events that take place in Karachi as well as in Pakistan. ANALYTICAL OVERVIEW OF FM 107: CONTENT Apna Karachi FM 107 is the vast and famous channel among other stations. It transmit different sort of contents such as different type of Ads are played on it, pop usic, Ghazal programs, informative and comedy shows, the live transmission of cricket and news from all around the world all are broadcasted on Apna Karachi FM 107. SHOWS Apna Karachi FM 107 broadcast different programs including DIL YEHI MAANGTA with unstoppable soundtrack, aired daily for two hours, BHANGRA shows in which RJs used Punjabi language to entertain their listeners and play Punjabi song, where as FUNKY TUNKY is a comedy show which come on Thursday at around loam to 12pm contain different topics for their diverse audience and also the morning show TAAZA DUM played from garn to llprn. 3) QUICK UPDATES Along with news, quick updates about traffic Jam are also transmitted so people could not face any hurdles in reaching their destinations. They suggest people different path when they found traffic Jam on roads so that people didnt find any difficulty. 4) AWARENESS ABOUT DISEASES DURING COMMERCIAL BREAK Apna Karachi FM 107 is one of the most popular radio stations that is listen by number of people. With the passage of time it gives awareness about different diseases for instance Naegleria Fowler, Breast Cancer, Osteoporosis etc so, that eople could save themselves from such diseases. ) NEWS FM 107 brings a breeze of fresh air to the sound waves, making sure that this powerful medium reaches across to the listeners who crave foot tapping music, up to date news, engaging discussions and exciting road shows. It provides different sort of information. After every hour FM 107 provides news headlines in order to keep aware the people about the situation of the city. DUNYA NEWS and BBC in Urdu play an important with FM 107. DUNYA NEWS presents hourly news at daytime whereas, BBC provide morning and evening news. News updates are sponsored by elecommunication network Zong, Urdu language is used for all updates. ) ENTERTAINMENT FM 107 is the source of entertainment. Entertainment sector is wider here as FM 107 more focus on music, time to time it plays different songs such as old music, pop music, remix etc and also comedy shows such as BHANGRA, so that people didnt lose their interest and keep tune in. 7) LANGUAGE The language used by the RJs is simple and can be understood by anyone and they conduct it in such a way that people didnt get bore and show their keen interest, listen it, stay in and keep humming with the tunes of Apna Karachi FM 107. Usually

Beautiful Quotations About Eternal Love

Beautiful Quotations About Eternal Love Can there be lasting, eternal love between two people? You can look at quotes from writers and thinkers through the ages to see it is not a modern invention. It has been celebrated for centuries. One story of timeless love was an article about an old couple  who were still very much in love with each other. They had children and grandchildren who lived far away, so they were each others only companions. The man would bring his wife flowers almost every day, while the woman took care of the man as one would do a child. What made the couple unique was that the old man had Alzheimers disease. He had forgotten everything about his family. But he kept telling everybody he met that he wanted to marry that girl from the neighborhood. He was talking about his wife. Isnt it surprising that even a debilitating disease like Alzheimers that wipes out memories in the brain, could not wipe out the memory of the heart? That is true love. It may be rare, but it does exist. You dont have to be a romantic to discover true love. If you are a believer, look deep within your heart. Each one of us has been blessed with the ability to love deeply. Reach within and find the abundant love that resides in your heart. With love, you can change the world. Love helps you transcend the realm of superficiality, and achieve a spiritual awakening. These eternal love quotes are embedded with gems of wisdom that will enrich you. Share these with your dearest and set out on the quest for true love. Jeff Zinnert Love is something eternal; the aspect may change, but not the essence. Antoine de Saint-Exupery True love begins when nothing is looked for in return. William Butler Yeats True love is a discipline in which each divines the secret self of the other and refuses to believe in the mere daily self. Marcel Proust Love is space and time measured by the heart. Charlotte Elizabeth Aisse I could never love where I could not respect. Anonymous Sometimes we let affection, go unspoken, Sometimes we let our love go unexpressed, Sometimes we cant find words to tell our feelings, Especially towards those, we love the best. Voltaire Love has features which pierce all hearts, he wears a bandage which conceals the faults of those beloved. He has wings, he comes quickly and flies away the same. William Shakespeare Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs. Being purged, a fire sparkling in lovers eyes. Being vexed, a sea nourished with lovers tears. What is it else? A madness most discreet, a choking gall and a preserving sweet. From the movie Moulin Rouge Love is a many splendid thing. Love lifts us up where we belong. All you need is love! Bryce Courtney Love is energy: it can neither be created nor destroyed. It just is and always will be, giving meaning to life and direction to goodness... Love will never die. Charles Stanley Romantic love reaches out in little ways, showing attention and admiration. Romantic love remembers what pleases a woman, what excites her, and what surprises her. Its actions whisper: you are the most special person in my life. Thomas Trahern Love is the true means by which the world is enjoyed: our love to others, and others love to us. Honore de Balzac True love is eternal, infinite, and always like itself. It is equal and pure, without violent demonstrations; it is seen with white hairs and is always young in the heart. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin Love alone is capable of uniting living beings in such a way as to complete and fulfill them, for it alone takes them and joins them by what is deepest in themselves. Lao Tzu Being deeply loved by someone gives you strength while loving someone deeply gives you courage. Sir Arthur Wing Pinero Those who love deeply never grow old; they may die of old age, but they die young. Leo Tolstoy When you love someone, you love the whole person, just as he or she is, and not as you would like them to be. William Shakespeare Love looks not with eyes, but with the mind.

Ecological Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ecological Economics - Essay Example Hanley et al. (1996) argues that it is only when people satisfy their financial needs that they remember the non-renewable characteristic of natural resources. The problem in the Niger Delta escalates as a result of humans focusing on the economic gains derived from exploitation of the oil reserves, disregarding the consequences on environment. The petro-business is a significant source of government revenue. Oil extraction largely affects the environment through oil spills from the high pressure pipelines that cross through the villages. The inhabitants of these villages are aware of the dangers posed to their health by the oil spills and also know that the companies involved reap huge benefits from the oil business (Ibeanu, 2000). They are aggrieved by the fact that they do not get a share of what they believe are their own resources. Environmental pollution and injuries on the community members result from the activities of the petroleum companies, which emphasize on their right t o extract the resources without disturbance especially considering the industry’s contribution to government revenue. People use natural resources the way they do because of varied reasons especially if the goods serve the interests of more than one group. Unless there are rules to curtail the overuse of the resources, there is usually a high risk of depletion (Acheson et al. 2006). The owners of the oil companies believe that they have a right to extract oil because they contribute a great deal to the economy.

A Situational Analysis on Marsha Warrens Case Essay

A Situational Analysis on Marsha Warrens Case - Essay Example In environmental control, the exercise of excessive disciplinary actions may sound sensible, but it can establish restrictive academic atmosphere, arresting learning at the expense of highly reactive students. Indicatively, in the case study of Marsha Warren, despite application of contingent teaching and management strategies, there are still manifestations of setbacks, not only on the part of the students, but also in the instructors’ classroom management. Although the students’ behavioral and learning problems are sources of class disruptions, the teachers’ personal attitude towards their academic functions may worsen the uncontrollable situations.  In environmental control, the exercise of excessive disciplinary actions may sound sensible, but it can establish restrictive academic atmosphere, arresting learning at the expense of highly reactive students. Indicatively, in the case study of Marsha Warren, despite application of contingent teaching and managem ent strategies, there are still manifestations of setbacks, not only on the part of the students, but also in the instructors’ classroom management. Although the students’ behavioral and learning problems are sources of class disruptions, the teachers’ personal attitude towards their academic functions may worsen the uncontrollable situations.   Dealing with difficult students in heterogeneous groups can be tasking to patience and efforts of every instructor. In the case of Warren, several dilemmas have piled up, instigating sparks of hostility in learning and social interaction. For one, the source of disruptive behavior has not been dealt with accordingly. With the narrowed focus on â€Å"bad behavior,† other important aspects of the disruptive problems have been neglectfully addressed (Goldstein, 2007, p. 4). The instructor in the paper keeps placing punishing consequences on the delinquent acts of the students, never reflecting on implication of con secutive reprimands on children’s social conditioning. Active interaction is severely hampered through this restrictive management form, reducing motivations on students’ learning desires.  In relation, while the lack of insight on how to classroom conflicts is rampant, abject competency in teaching and handling a classroom conflict is questioned.  

How effective is the strategy of nuclear deterrence Essay

How effective is the strategy of nuclear deterrence - Essay Example The use of weapons of mass destruction may not be a realistic option to solve issues because it goes against the principle of life (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). Some countries use nuclear deterrence to impose sanctions on their enemies and prevent them from using their nuclear weapons. This is because they inflict fear on their adversaries such that if the adversary used their nuclear weapons in an unacceptable way, the threatening state will react by using it supposedly superior, nuclear weapons against the adversary, and the damage will be devastating for both countries. Therefore, nuclear deterrence is an attempt to create risks that may make the opponent not to engage in a certain policy or action (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). This essay discusses the merits and demerits of the strategy of nuclear deterrence to evaluate its efficacy. As mentioned earlier, nuclear deterrence is the act that involves the prevention of using nuclear weapons (Nuclear Age Peace Foundat ion, 2013). This means that the threatening nation prevents its adversary from using Nuclear weapons against it or its allies, lest the threatening nation will attack its adversary, using nuclear weapons. Therefore, nuclear deterrence is the threat to strike back with nuclear weapons (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). ... A threatening nation must be capable and willing to use its nuclear weapon, as well as, effectively communicate this to the nation that is to be deterred to ensure the success of nuclear deterrence (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). This means that a deterrent force inflicts unacceptable damage on the nation to be deterred. Secondly, the threatening nation must have the ability to exact payments by disallowing the opponent to accomplish its objectives of using nuclear weapons or by charging the opponent a disproportionate price for achieving the objectives to use nuclear weapons (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). Alternatively, the threatening nation can combine the two aforementioned strategies. Further, the threatening nation must ensure that the safety of its nuclear arsenal is guaranteed. Additionally, the opponent must not access a way or method of eliminating the deterring capability of the threatening nation. Therefore, the threatening nation must ensure that technical a nd policy means do not allow the opponent to access a way or method of eliminating the deterring capability of the threatening nation (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). Finally, the threatening nation should ensure that it is always ready to demonstrate to its adversary that it can deliver on its message. Therefore, the threatening nation must show that it is willing to engage in a nuclear war that it tries to deter or prevent, if circumstances dictate so (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). Having known the preconditions that should be met to ensure the success of nuclear deterrence, it is worthy to analyse the benefits that may accrue from nuclear deterrence, when it is carried out successfully. First, it has been argued by Waltz (1994, p,

Media Impact on War

Media Impact on War Vivienne Owusu-Ansah MEDIA TRANSFORMATION Can media help win – or lose – a war? Answer through detailed discussion of coverage in one war since 1945 – The Gulf War II. In 2003, America and its allies, U.K., Australia and Poland, well known as the coalition forces invaded Iraq and began a conflict which has come to be known as the Gulf war II or Iraq war and were later joined by several other countries. During the Iraq war, the Allied forces permitted the media to travel with them in their tanks and jets to war fields to cover the war so as to get first hand news to the public. Though the media has been involved in covering previous conflicts, the Iraq war was said to be the war which allowed the media to have extensive coverage and brought first hand news to the public. This allowed the Allied forces to control and manage the information that went out in public Frankly, our job is to win the war. Part of that is information warfare. So we are going to attempt to dominate the information environment. Embedding journalists honorably served that end, said Long[1]† (Kahn, 2004). Some journalists argue that the army used the journalists as a propaganda tool. This can be deemed as true because journalists’ reports were always favourable to the coalition forces. Reporting alongside the soldiers in war made the journalists feel a sense of closeness to troops. Moreover, the soldiers were the very people who were protecting the journalists’ whiles at the war front thus it became difficult if not impossible to report any negative issues about them. Another point to consider is that, because the media was reporting from the war front alongside the troops, they were able to send real time reports indirectly to Saddam Hussein’s government about the heavy artillery being used by the Allied forces. This psychologically weakened Iraq as they realised they could not match the ammunition strength of the coalition forces. Pictures of the military tanks rolling into Iraq were also another factor that helped propagate the Allied forces’ aim. This showed the might of the forces which intimidated the Iraqi forces as well as the Iraqi public. A comment purported to have been made by Chris Hughes, the spokesperson of the U.S. Marines a day before the war highlights this, â€Å"The à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ rst image of this war will deà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ne the conà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ict† (Buncombe 2003 cited in Parry 2010). If the public had initially supported the Iraqi government the pictures of the Allied forces were enough to sway public suppo rt to the powerful side in this case the Allied forces. According to Professor Barbie Zelizer of University of Southern California’s Annenberg school of communication, a picture showing a crowd of Iraqis pulling down Saddam Hussein’s statue was quite influential, this is because it told a story to the public that the government of Saddam Hussein was no longer in power and that the public supported the Allied forces and this was an effective means to winning or losing the war. It showed the crowd as being nationalists thereby triggering the general public to act as nationalists too. During the Iraq war, the army is believed to have had around 600 journalists from various news organisations entrenched with the troops thus there was an overflow of news and all were in favour of the Allied forces. This therefore created a high level of fear amongst the enemies having to always read and listen to the might of the forces on TV, radio and in newspapers. Some journalists argue that the Allied forces had won the war even before any ammunitions were fired and this is because the public had already been scared into fleeing due to the fact that they were made to believe they could be killed by nuclear or chemical weapons, which in effect made it less difficult for the Allied forces to win the war. In the case of the Iraq war, the Allied forces controlled their agenda, creating awareness and used the media to portray a one sided view. Most of the pictures that were circulated were of those showing the might of the forces and in some cases a few Iraqi nationals showing their support to the Allied forces and kept any image of casualties suffered by the Allied forces out of the public eye especially in their respective countries because they wanted the public to continue supporting the war till the end. This adds momentum to the political idea of using photography during war to manipulate the public. Journalism is arguably a powerful tool often used in affecting and changing public opinion on issues. Media institutions usually broadcast what attracts their target audience. Prior to invading Iraq, George Bush – the American President, in a national broadcast which was telecast in Iraq, heard him appealing to the ordinary citizens of Iraq to support America and the coalition forces for their own good and also portrayed the Iraqi president, Saddam Hussein, as an enemy and the cause of all the problems of the Iraqis. He further suggested that the solution to their problem is war to overthrow what the western governments termed as undemocratic regime of Saddam Hussein and urged them to fight for their freedom. His speech was rhetoric and played very well on the public’s emotion as they did not support the Iraq government to fight when they were called to join. Bush used his message to amass public opinion in acknowledging America and its Allied’s military presence in Iraq. According to Samir Khader of Al Jazeera (the most prominent media institution during the invasion), the aim of their station during the war was to educate the world most especially the Arab viewers and to prove to them that in every war there are always civilian casualties. This did not seem to work well initially as their network was not far reached, they were also deemed not to be reliable and as such was a mere propaganda tool used by the Iraqi government and enemy groups who attacked America on September 11. The public in America, United Kingdom and other parts of the world had been persuaded into believing these perceptions by the media though there was no proof. The Arab media did not do much to help its credibility by not reporting human rights abuses against sectarian and ethnic minorities and opposition Iraqi citizens which were perpetuated on a large scale by Saddam Hussein’s government. Although Al Jazeera’s message about war casualties is true, it is worth m entioning that, this is not something new as that is some of the realities of war. There has never been any war fought without any civilian or military casualty and Jack Straw, Britain’s Foreign Secretary during the period of the Iraq war rightly described war in an article in Mail Online as an occurrence that is filled with horror. As pictures and news of war casualties (both civilians and American soldiers) got to the American public their views began to change. The public became angry and began demonstrating against the mission of the government in going to war in Iraq and demanded that troops are withdrawn. This message reflected during some of American president’s foreign visits. In the U.K., President Bush was met by anti war demonstrations in London because of the Iraq war and other cities where he visited also met him with similar demonstrations. During the Iraq war some western media used spin to get specific messages to the international world. An example is a picture showing a crowd chanting and singing which the western media portrayed as Iraqis celebrating Bush but they were rather protesting America’s involvement in the war with chants in Arabic that the troops should be withdrawn from Iraq. A journalist who was reporting for BBC interpreted the story to portray the crowd as singing praises to Bush for getting rid of Saddam Hussein and celebrating their freedom. This helped sway public opinion about the war in the western world. Before the coalition forces marched into any city in Iraq, they used the media to report extensively on how the cities had already been conquered and this plan built fear in the opposing army who showed little resistance, all these stories were however later found to be false but that was after it had served its intended purpose. Most of the coverage by the western media such as CNN and NSBC was deemed as biased to favour the allied forces. This is partly because only a few of the journalists embedded with the troops did get to experience action at the front line. Most of them were stationed at the command centre where information was always received from the military and this played an important role in helping them win the support of the public. The Arab media on the other hand did same, they also used propaganda in getting the Arab world to see the Allied forces as the worst enemy who had no right to be in Iraq with no intention of protecting civilians and alleging the coalition forces rather had their personal interest of getting control of the oil in Iraq. They propagated Arab nationalism to the public. The Allied forces knew the important role played by independent media during war. The public usually believe stories reported by independent journalists at war front as being unbiased. This is not wholly true as they always report from an angle that suits their organisation. The coalition forces used the media to their advantage rather than having the military releasing information to the press which would be seen as biased towards the aim of their mission in Iraq by the general public and not being credible as well. Local media in America had journalists attached to the troops, and most of these media are situated near military bases. The local people who are the main readers in these areas, connected with the media in the neighbourhood during the war through the news items they published, some were messages from the soldiers to their families. The public regarded the news from these newspapers as credible thereby getting them to support the mission of the Allied forces. Studies have shown how media coverage affected public opinion during the war and led to the public supporting the military mainly due to the reason that the public were not made aware of any other options other than going to war to liberate the people of Iraq and the enemy of the coalition forces (the government of Saddam Hussein) coming from the back drop of the September 11, 2001 attacks in America which had attracted massive media coverage thereby the public especially the American public viewed military action in Iraq as the only way. This point is echoed by Berinsky, 2008, â€Å"However, as threats recede, citizens begin to resist encroachments on their basic values. Thus, while the particular circumstances of war may be unique, they influence civil liberties judgements through mechanisms that are familiar from studies of domestic politics† (pg.13). Britain and the other countries that formed the coalition also viewed Iraq as a danger to global peace. Iraq had been portra yed by the coalition forces as a country that had allegedly supported and accommodated the group that attacked America. Another factor worth highlighting is that war casualties were not permitted to be made public by the media and this was strictly enforced by the military at the command centre, any journalist that violated this rule was expelled from the base. In the weeks prior to the invasion of Iraq, the American government saturated the media, especially prime time news programs of major media stations and newspapers in America such as; CNN, Fox News, MSNBC, CBS and New York Times alleging that Iraq was planning to commit atrocities even greater than the September 11 attacks. The American public believed and therefore backed the government’s decision to go to war in Iraq. This situation was no different in U.K. where BBC, Sky and ITN were also used by the then government of Tony Blair to get the public to support the mission. The media which has a duty to present the public with the truth also failed to question these facts presented by the American and British governments but rather circulated the government’s information to the public as being the truth. The media effectively helped the coalition forces by influencing public support and also urged the military to go on to win the war in Iraq. Although certain reports disagree with the fact that the coalition forces had won the war because there were and are still sporadic incidents of fighting taking place in Iraq and also that the coalition forces are yet to completely pull out of the region, it is important to stress that although the war was fought in Iraq, the real war was the one perpetuated by the media through the stories they published which psychologically influenced the public at large and this can be seen as pure propaganda. Without that the coalition forces would not have managed to storm Iraq and win the war within a very short period. According to Jack Straw (Hinsliff 2003 cited in Parry 2010), â€Å"Twenty-four-hour news actually changes the reality of warfare. The media is changing the reality of warfare, it is not just reporting on it†. Given the amount of cov erage the western media managed to achieve in the world at large during the Iraq war, if the media in the Arab world had been able to achieve that on the same scale in the Middle East and other parts of the world, the public may not have supported the war the way they did. This would have led to the morale of the troops being at its lowest and their confidence would also have been down and more importantly America would not have got the support they had from the Allied. [1] Lt. Col. Rick Long was with the U.S. Marine Corps

Love in the Time of Cholera

How does novel, â€Å"Love in the Time of Cholera† define Love and Marriage? The novel â€Å"Love in the Time of Cholera,† basically defines love as a curse or sickness rather than simply a feeling. This best exemplified by Florentino Arizam one of the main characters in the novel, as he is seemingly cursed with an obsession for his love, Fermina Daza. Generally, throughout the entire story, it was depicted that Florentino loved Fermina so much that it nearly drove him insane. It basically began when Florentino and Fermina were still young. Everyday Florentino would watch Fermina as she walks to her school. When Florentino was able to muster enough courage to approach Fermina, he did so very aggressively as he insisted that she asked permission from her father in order for him to be able to court her. Even though Fermina showed no interest in him, Florentino still persisted and even went as far as saying that his need for her and his desire to be with her was a matter of life and death. This basically shows that from the start, Florentino was already determined to get Fermina. In addition to that, Florentino’s obsession for Fermina could be not hindered by Lorenzo Daza, the latter’s father who forbade his daughter from marrying him. Even when Lorenzo took Fermina away on a journey, Florentino still found a way to secretly send telegrams to her, which basically stresses the fact that his feelings towards her were more of an obsession. However, although Florentino’s expressions of his unfaltering love for Fermina can be initially viewed as admirable acts, it also showed the damages that love can do to a person. Basically, Florentino’s obsession towards Fermina can be likened to a disease called cholera, which was shown as an epidemic in the story in the story. Basically, like cholera, Florentino is â€Å"lovesick† as he resorts to doing unusual things just to satisfy his desire for Fermina. In addition, when the two were away from each other, Florentino ate grass and drank cologne simply because he wanted to be familiar with her scent. Moreover, when he was away from Fermina, Florenino would engage in sexual intercourse with several women just to satisfy his need for her. Although he promised to himself that he would reserve his virginity solely to Fermina, he was forced to break that vow because he felt that resorting to sexual intercourse would somehow alleviate the pain of being unable to be with her. In addition, as he was having sex with Rosalba, he was also thinking of his tormented love for Fermina which shows that sexual intercourse was a temporary antidote for his incurable sickness or obsession. In other words, although in the modern world, love is generally perceived as a positive feeling, in the story it was depicted as both a physical and mental illness which is why it can be closely likened to cholera, which is a disease characterized by severe dehydration and vomiting. Florentino was so obsessed with Fermina that he was no longer able to function normally without thinking of her first. In addition, this also showed that his love for her not only physically ill but also mentally disturbed. Furthemore, in the story, marriage was perceived as something that can be simply forced on someone instead of something that is governed by freedom of choice. This was basically shown when Lorenzo refused to allow her daughter, Fermina, to marry Florentino even though she had already accepted his proposal. Moreover, even though Lorenzo knew that his refusal to allow her daughter to choose whom she wants to marry was similar to the disapproval of his wife’s family of their marriage, he still forced his will on Fermina which shows that he did not learn from his past mistakes. He still allowed history to repeat itself as he forced Fermina to marry Dr. Juvenal Urbnino. Furthermore, in the novel, marriage was characterized as a means to commit infidelity as Dr. Urbino himself had an affair with a woman named Barbara Lynch. In addition, it was shown throughout the story that both Dr. Urbino and Fermina were not a happy with their marriage as they would constantly argue over the simplest things such as a little bar of soap. This basically showed that since the two did not truly love each other, they were unable to live a happy and normal marriage. Moreover, this also supports the traditional definition of marriage which states that both the man and the woman must willingly agree in order for the bond to be successful and long lasting. In short, the novel basically defined love and marriage as mere compulsive obsessions. The novel’s definition of love and marriage deviates from the dogmatic and traditional definitions which basically state that the two are sacred and long lasting bonds between two people that are governed by divine laws. Basically, in the novel, love was defined as a feeling that can drive a person insane to the point that it becomes similar to a disease that cannot be simply cured which is best illustrated by Florentno’s obsession for Fermina.On the other hand, marriage was defined as a bond in which one cannot freely choose whom he or she would like to marry but rather as something that can be forced on a person by anyone.                      Love in the Time of Cholera The setting for the novel â€Å"Love in the Time of Cholera† is during the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century in a Spanish city somewhere in South America.   This is much like the authors country of origin which is Colombia.   Much of Gabriel Garcia Marquez writings were shaped by his own life experiences along with his life in Columbia.   Marquez incorporated much of Columbia’s cultural strife and society in his novels.   The large gap between the rich and the poor, along with the injustices is a way of life in South America, and social class is always incorporated into his writings. He was born in 1928 in the small town of Aracataca and was raised by his grandparents until he was eight and his grandfather passed away.   He is often quoted as saying â€Å"that it was during this time that all of the most exciting things happened in his life and after this period nothing really exciting ever happened† (McNerney 16).   When Marquez responded to an interview that he saw stories and created them from a single image and his image of this story was, â€Å"two old people dancing on the deck of a boat dancing a bolero† (Matuz 55: 135).   He was true to that image. In researching the author and the novel I noticed that many references were made towards his grandmother’s influence in his writings and especially when looking at the mystical aspect of his writings.   His grandmother, Tranquilina Iquaran Cotes believed in the supernatural and it was incorporated into their daily life, â€Å"many of the tales he heard during this period find their way into his fiction, it is the matter of fact tone with which his grandmother said the most outrageous things that characterized his work† (McNerney 7).   Many of his female characters mirrored his grandmother’s attitude and beliefs.   Female characters were fundamental in his writings, just as they were to him in reality. Women were strong, but knew their place.   With Fermina Daza her duties were to her husband up until his death.   When an event happened to a character it was usually on a grand scale, such as the love Ariza has for Daza, this was said to mirror Marquez’s life he would say, â€Å"Everything that happened to me in the street had an enormous resonance in the house.   The women in the kitchen would tell the stories to the strangers arriving on the train, who in turn brought other stories to be told† (McNerney 24). Marquez said his first contact with the written word was when he was five by way of his grandfather. And it was on a trip as an adult to his grandparent’s home that gave him the inspiration to be a writer.   His use of symbolism was probably because of his grandmother and is blended with all of his writings.   The novel â€Å"Love in the Time of Cholera†, revolves around a strange love triangle between a husband and his wife who through the course of fifty years showed how another man loved the woman enough to wait until her present husband would die then he could replace him having the woman for himself. As the story unfolds Fermina Daza, the female character and wife of Urbino’s the doctor, only married him for security but after awhile began a love for him.   The man who had loved her all during this time, Florentino Ariza, believed his love was beyond this realm, spiritual making it indestructible and forever.   Florentino believed that love constituted his entire reason for being.   With Marquez’s writing of Florentino he linked love and suffering very well.   Marquez’s grandmother would say, â€Å"Take advantage and suffer all you can now that your young things like this won’t last your whole life† (McNerney 89). The reflection of Florentino’s mother underestimation of her son’s ability to love was probably the same with Marquez’s grandmother.   When asked what was the creation of â€Å"Love in the Time of Cholera† Marquez replied that â€Å"it came from two sources the first was the love affair between his parents†, which he compares to his parents and the other was a story he had read about the death of two Americans who for forty years had meet in Acapulco, but on their last trip they had taken a boat ride and was killed by the boatman and robbed.   It was because of their deaths and how their romance was found out that intrigued him (Matuz 55: 134). The novel begins with de Saint-Amour’s suicide and Urbino is called as a doctor to come to investigate.   Saint-Amour has taken cyanide because of his getting older and his belief that his mistress doesn’t really love him Urbino believes â€Å"the fate of unrequited love† (3).   His getting older was truly the core of his own suicide.   Urbino is saddened by his friend’s suicide and reflects on his own aging self. This part ends with Urbino’s death.   Then the story really begins to unfold with Florentino, who loves Urbino’s wife and has been waiting for her for exactly fifty-one years, nine months, and four days can now re-profess his love to her.   After the funeral Florentino tells Fermina how he feels, he tells her of his â€Å"vow of eternal fidelity and everlasting love† (50).   She becomes angry at Florentino and tells him to leave her house forever because of cursing her husband’s memory by just saying that.   But strangely she dreams that night are of Florentino, a love she passed on so many years ago. The middle of the novel tells a tale of love between Fermina and Florentino, but also chronicles Fermina’s long marriage to Urbino.   Fermina and Florentino were forced apart by Fermina’s father and how they kept in contact, by telegraph, was the same as Garcia Marquez’s parents.   In reading this part of the book I found that his devotion is moving.   Once during the years apart he happened to see Fermina’s reflection in a restaurant mirror, and he had to buy it from the owner and persuaded him to sell it so he can take it home, this was a good representation of the mystical realism the book had. He believed that her reflection was captured in the mirror and having the mirror gave him a sense of having her.   By the time they are able to be together because of Urbino’s death Ariza is seventy-six and Daza is seventy-one.   He was not an attractive man but he also was not faithful to his love on this earthly plane, but was only faithful on the spiritual plane.   Florentino’s drive for writing, which mirrors the authors, has him writing of his hundreds of sexual encounters.   He estimated it at 622 encounters that were of a long term status.   He had written them in twenty-five notebooks that he gave the title of â€Å"Women†. Florentino has a romantic belief in love and would do anything even total devotion to his love.   He loves writing love letters and that is how he won the love of Fermina when they were young.   It took almost two years to win Fermina’s heart back again.   Florentino persuades Fermina to take a cruise with him up the Magdalena River on a boat that was named New Fidelity. Their love grew and eventually they consummated their love on this cruise.   How Marquez describes their aging bodies as time that had passed between them is kind of sad.   On the first night of the trip Fermina finally allowed Florentino to touch her hand they realized how different than when they first touched, but soon realized how really it was the same, â€Å"the hands made of old bones were not the hands they had imagined before touching. In the next moment, however, they were† (329).   Their love making was too hurried at first and not as satisfying as they would have hoped by still they are â€Å"satisfied with the simple joy of being together† (341). The title of the novel is because of the many aspects the novel has.   Urbino first met Fermina because she became ill during a cholera epidemic.   Fermina’s father thought that possibly she had cholera, but she just had the stomach flu instead.   In another part of the novel Florentino becomes ill and believes his symptoms mean he has cholera, but his was because of his suffering because of his love.   He had two episodes like this one when he was a young fellow and another when Fermina allowed him back into her house after banishing him a year before when her husband had died. At the end of the novel Florentino also has the boat captain fly a cholera flag to have privacy.   It works because of the bodies in the river could be victims of another cholera epidemic.   But they have problems when they can’t dock because of the flag and Florentino vows to protect her with his love and under the cholera flag â€Å"forever†.   When Gabriel Garcia Marquez was interviewed by Marlise Simons he was asked what intrigued him about plagues he replied, â€Å"They make people want to live more. It’s that almost metaphysical dimension that interests me† (Matuz 55: 134). The novel is very complex and should not be interpreted literally.   It allows the characters Florentino and Fermina to claim their age but to still explore life with vigor.   Author S.M.J. Minta wrote, â€Å"It is a novel about commitment and fidelity under circumstances which seem to render such virtues, absurd, about refusal to grow old gracefully and respectably, about the triumph sentiment can still win over reason, and above al, perhaps, about Latin America, about keeping faith with where, for better or worse, you started from.† (Matuz 55: 143).   Marquez’s writing of love is truly heart felt and inspiring. His love and imagination for writing is clear in this novel.   The mystical realism in his novels flows so easily because it flows so easily in his own life.   Galen Strawson wrote, â€Å"Garcia Marquez’s insight into human turpitude and pettiness is inseparable from and amusement and forgiveness, and from intense affections† (Matuz 55: 144).   This is a good description of what the novel was all about. Works Cited Bell-Villada, Gene H. â€Å"Garcia Marquez: The Man and His Works†.   Chapel Hill:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University of North Carolina Press.   1990 Jones, Anne H. â€Å"Literature and Medicine: Garcia Marquez ‘Love in the Time of Cholera’†. Lancet; October 18, 1997 v. 350 Issues 9085 Marquez, Gabriel G. â€Å"Love in the Time of Cholera†. Boston, Mass.: G.K. Hall. 1989 Matuz, Roger (Ed.) & Gills, Mary K. â€Å"Contemporary Literary Criticism†.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Detroit: Gale    Research Co. 1988 v. 55 McNerney, Kathleen. â€Å"Understanding Gabriel Garcia Marquez†. Columbia, S.C.:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University of South Carolina Press. 1998.      

Report: Males

GAC013: Science II: Scientific Principles Assessment 1: Scientific Investigation & Report Topic 1: Do Males and Females Have Different Abilities When Estimating Size? Student Name: Tracy Cheng Student ID: SHSA19818 Class:5 Teacher: Shawn Due Date: 10. 29. 2012 Content Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Abstract This report looks to explore the topic of doing males and females have different abilities when estimating size. The point that males’ abilities to estimate size are more accurate than females is hypothesized. To prove this hypothesis, some importa nt information from the internet and a series of related research has been investigated. After collecting the data in my study, the results of this analysis indicate that males have the more accurate abilities in size estimating than females.Introduction In the society, male and female have much diversity, which is called ‘Sexual Dimorphism’ in sociology and biology. Such differences are specifically expressed in many different areas in the life, such as morphology, ornamentation, and behavior. The purpose of this report is that analyzing some data to show the different abilities to estimate size for males and females, and trying to find what makes this happened. Now, I would like to hypothesis the males’ abilities to estimate size better than females’. MethodologyFirstly, some information on the internet about males and females which kinds of people can reckon size accurately will be found. According to the information, ten males and ten females will be c hose to make them estimate an item’s (pens, notebooks or shoes) size. For different items, the two gender people may show different abilities in size estimating. At the end of this research, data should be collected and analyzed by charts or other ways to compare the accuracies in size estimating for males and females. ResultsThe estimated length of a pen by given ten males and ten females are shown in Figure 1. The actual length of this pen is 14. 5cm, which is shown in Figure 1 (a). According to Figure 1 (b), females’ results include some more precise numbers, such as 13. 5cm and 14. 8cm. Furthermore, the mean value of the estimated length for males is 13. 2cm, and for females is 13. 82cm, which can be seen clearly that the average estimating of females is more close to the actual length than males. Figure 1 – (a) the estimated length of a pen by ten males; (b) the estimated length of a pen by ten females.Table 1 shows the estimated size of a pair of shoes by given ten males and ten females. The size of the shoes is European standard in this research, and actual size is 41. The mean value of the estimated size for males is 41. 7, and for females is 40. 9, and females have more accurate estimating. | Males’ estimating| Females’ estimating| 1| 44| 41| 2| 42| 40| 3| 42| 43| 4| 44| 40| 5| 43| 42| 6| 42| 38| 7| 40| 40| | 41| 40| 9| 39| 42| 10| 40| 43| Mean (rule out maximum & minimum value)| 41. 7| 40. 9| Actual| 41| 41| Table 1 – estimated size of a pair of shoes by ten males and ten females. Figure 2 reveals the area estimating for a notebook by twenty people from two genders. The actual size of the chosen notebook is 446. 25 cm2. Though calculations, the average estimated size is 438 cm2 and 359. 25 cm2 for males and females, respectively.Moreover, a same case which be found in the first research (pen length estimating) also came out. Females’ estimating includes more precise numbers like 454. 6, and males more likely to estimate cursory numbers, such as 400, 300 and 600. Figure 2 – (a) the estimated size of a notebook by ten males; (b) the estimated size of a notebook by ten females. Discussion From the first research, it can be found that female is more careful and accurate (Figure 1), because females more likely to give a more specific value and shows a more exquisite heart.That can also be showed in daily life, girls always be said that do things much more careful than boys in most cases (Women and Men in the Classroom 1985, p. Online). For instance, when a teacher has some works for girls, in the most time the girls can finish these works quickly and better. However, in the third research, these results show that males have better estimated size than females. The researchers found that when people ask males to estimate size, the majority of them always use their hands to measure the length and ponder over for a relatively long time.But in the same situation, females are more li kely to pay attention on the notebook’s color, shape and other things rather than the size, and their reason is that they prefer to care about how lovely the notebook is. According all of these researches in the previous, females are better to estimate something which has exact norms, like shoes and diamond, and males are good at estimating on the things which are very large and dimensional, such as the height of a building and the length of a bridge.Although female is more careful, their ability in size estimating is not necessarily as good as males. Males are more logical and rational, and have better space imagination than females. Another research from the internet proves that metastudies show a male advantage in mental rotation and assessing horizontality and verticality† (Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology. 2010. ) which is why male estimated more accurate than female. Conclusion Depending on a series of researches, people have different abilities to estima te size.Males are more accurate in estimating size than females since males are relatively more rational and logical. The reason may be related to the process in human’s evolutions in the history. More specifically, males always make a more leading role in the society for a quite long time after the end of matriarchal clan commune period. For example, many important jobs such as architects and engineers even most government officials are preferred for males. To sum up, I prefer to think that the ability of males in estimating size is better than females.References Catherine G. Krupnick (1985), Women and Men in the Classroom [online]. Available at: http://isites. harvard. edu/fs/html/icb. topic58474/krupnick. html. [Accessed 26 Oct 2012] Chrisler, Joan C & Donald R. McCreary (2010), Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology. Springer. [online]. Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Male_female_differences [Accessed 26 Oct 2012] Male-Female Brain Differences [online]. Av ailable at: http://www. doctorhugo. org/brain4. html [Accessed 26 October 2012]